液化天然气接收站取排水对渔业资源的影响研究——以温州LNG接收站工程为例

液化天然气接收站取排水过程的卷载效应、冷冲击效应和余氯效应均会对渔业资源造成一定影响。文章以温州LNG接收站工程为例,根据2017年11月在工程附近海域的渔业资源现状调查资料,定性分析了取排水对渔业资源的影响,并对卷载效应和余氯排放造成的渔业资源损失进行定量估算。温州LNG接收站工程建成投产近期运行期间,将造成鱼卵损失量为1.45×107 ind./a,仔鱼损失量为1.66×107ind./a,鱼类幼体损失量为7.56×104 ind./a,虾类幼体损失量为8.68×104 ind./a,蟹类幼体损失量为0.04×103 ind./a。     

Impact of the Wenchuan Earthquake on tourism in Sichuan, China

An intensive earthquake, the Wenchuan Earthquake of 8.0 on the Richter scale, struck western Sichuan, China on May 12, 2008. The earthquake has tremendously affected all industries in the quake-hit areas, with no exception ：of the local tourism. The study of the effect of the earthquake on tourism enriches the theory of tourism, and more importantly, it well serves as the foundation for policy making. The objective of this study is to outline for readers the empirical findings on the various ways that the earthquake affected the operations and viability of tourism in the quake-hit areas. This paper is mainly divided into 3 parts. The first part is to discuss the importance of tourism in the quake-hit areas. The second is to analyze the influencing factors of tourism. The third is to assess the impact of the earthquake on tourism in Sichuan in different seasons.     

烧失量分析在湖泊沉积与环境变化研究中的应用

烧失量分析是一种便捷的测定湖泊沉积物有机碳与碳酸盐含量的方法。由于沉积物烧失量主要受区域气温、有效降水等气候环境条件的控制,因此烧失量反映湖泊气候环境特征,成为指示区域气候环境变化的重要指标,该项指标在环境变化研究中具有重要作用。     

贵州猫跳河流域土地利用变化和土壤侵蚀(英文)

Due to the extremely poor soil cover, a low soil-forming rate, and inappropriate intensive land use, soil erosion is a serious problem in Guizhou Province, which is located in the centre of the karst areas of Southwest China. In order to bring soil erosion under control and restore environment, the Chinese Government has initiated a serious of ecological rehabilitation projects such as the Grain-for-Green Programme and Natural Forest Protection Program and brought about tremendous influences on land-use change and soil erosion in Guizhou Province. This paper explored the relationship between land use and soil erosion in the Maotiao River watershed, a typical agricultural area with severe soil erosion in central Guizhou Province. In this study, we analyzed the spatio-temporal dynamic change of land-use type in Maotiao River watershed from 1973 to 2007 using Landsat MSS image in 1973, Landsat TM data in 1990 and 2007. Soil erosion change characteristics from 1973 to 2007, and soil loss among different land-use types were examined by integrating the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) with a GIS environment. The results indicate that changes in land use within the watershed have significantly affected soil erosion. From 1973 to 1990, dry farmland and rocky desertified land significantly increased. In contrast, shrubby land, other forestland and grassland significantly decreased, which caused accelerated soil erosion in the study area. This trend was reversed from 1990 to 2007 with an increased area of land-use types for ecological use owing to the implementation of environmental protection programs. Soil erosion also significantly varied among land-use types. Erosion was most serious in dry farmland and the lightest in paddy field. Dry farmland with a gradient of 6°-25° was the major contributor to soil erosion, and conservation practices should be taken in these areas. The results of this study provide useful information for decision makers and planners to take sustainable land use management and soil conservation measures in the area.     

暴时内辐射带高能质子的损失和恢复机制探究

我们利用NOAA17卫星对内辐射带高能质子的观测结果研究了大磁暴期间内辐射带质子通量的变化过程.我们发现内辐射带质子出现两种不同的暴时损失事件.在大磁暴发生时,内辐射带外边界质子通量会迅速减小,然后缓慢恢复;而在内辐射带中心区的质子通量(即南大西洋异常区(SAA)质子通量最大值)的暴时变化表现为质子通量的一个迅速的减小和迅速恢复.内辐射带外边界的损失事件主要发生在较低能量质子能档,而内辐射带中心处的损失事件发生在所有质子能档.两种损失事件中质子通量的不同变化意味着内辐射带质子可能有不同的损失和产生机制.通过分析,我们认为内辐射带外边界处质子通量损失事件主要由磁场曲率散射机制造成,而其恢复机制主要是宇宙线反照中子衰变(CRAND).内辐射带中心区(即南大西洋异常区质子通量最大处)质子通量损失事件可能与Dst效应有关.     

Deriving vulnerability curves using Italian earthquake damage data

The concerted effort to collect earthquake damage data in Italy over the past 30 years has led to the development of an extensive database from which vulnerability predictions for the Italian building stock can be derived. A methodology to derive empirical vulnerability curves with the aforementioned data is presented herein and the resulting curves have been directly compared with mechanics-based vulnerability curves. However, it has been found that a valid comparison between the empirical and analytical vulnerability curves is not possible mainly due to a number of shortcomings in the database of surveyed buildings. A detailed discussion of the difficulties in deriving vulnerability curves from the current observed damage database is thus also presented.     

中国西部典型房屋结构震害定量关系的初步研究

建筑物震害程度的判定是进行地震灾害损失评估的基础, 震害指数是建筑物震害程度的定量表示方式, 是房屋抗震性能的直观表现。 震害指数的研究对于震害预测和地震灾害损失评估都有重要的意义。 文中收集、 分析并处理了2001—2004年中国地震灾害损失现场调查与评估的详细资料, 以调查点为单位计算了各种结构类型房屋的平均震害指数, 建立了中国西部地区不同结构类型房屋的平均震害指数向未经加固的砖混和砖木结构房屋的平均震害指数转换的数学关系, 其结果对地震灾害及其损失的快速评估与现场评估具有一定的参考作用。     

Contrasting recovery of shallow and deep water seagrass communities following climate associated losses in tropical north Queensland,Australia

Tropical seagrass decline and recovery from severe storm impacts was assessed via quarterly measurements of seagrass biomass, species composition and experimental investigations of recovery in north Queensland. Shallow and deep seagrass meadows suffered major declines. Significant recovery in the two years following loss only occurred at deeper sites. Halophila spp. in deep water areas had a high capacity for recovery through the availability of seed banks. In contrast, the shallow species did not recover quickly from experimental disturbance, had poor seed reserves and relied on asexual propagation. The potential for shallow species to recover rapidly from widespread losses was limited as seed banks were limited or non-existent. Understanding inter- and intra-specific differences in seagrass recovery and how this interacts with location is critical to predict the consequences of climate events to tropical seagrasses. This is especially important as more frequent severe storms are predicted as a consequence of climate change.     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震灾害损失调查与评估

根据2001年11月14日青海省昆仑山口西8．1级地震强烈地震的现场调查资料，确定了沿青藏公路一线的地震烈度分布，对此地震造成的灾害损失进行了分析、描述。     

2003年新疆地震灾害损失述评

在列出2003年中国4．7级以上地震目录的基础上,结合地震灾害评估和科学考察资料,总结出2003年新疆地震灾害的特点。