Isotopic tracers for water masses in the coastal region of eastern Hokkaido

In this study we used two stable isotopes, δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O, for water mass classification in the coastal region off eastern Hokkaido. δ¹³C* values, which were corrected for the biological effect, and δ ¹⁸O values up to 300 m depth suggested that the isotopic character of the onshore and offshore water in the southern Okhotsk Sea, the Nemuro Strait and the western North Pacific could be explained by the mixing of three source waters: the Oyashio water (OYW), Soya Warm Current water (SWCW) and East Sakhalin Current water (ESCW). In summer, δ ¹³C*-δ ¹⁸O plots indicated mixing between SWCW from the southern Okhotsk Sea and OYW in the Pacific coast of southeastern Hokkaido, while temperature-salinity plots of the onshore water showed minimal difference from the offshore OYW. In winter, on the other hand, the mixed water of ESCW and OYW (or SWCW) appeared in the Pacific coastal region, distributed as cold, low salinity onshore water. Finally, we estimated mixing ratios of OYW, SWCW and ESCW in the coastal region of western North Pacific using their mean values of δ ¹³C* and δ ¹⁸O as endmembers. These results suggest seasonal and yearly changes of water mass combination en route from the southern Okhotsk Sea to the western North Pacific.     

基于HYCOM再分析数据研究琉球海流的形成与起源

The origin of the Ryukyu Current(RC) and the formation of its subsurface velocity core were investigated using a 23-year(1993–2015) global Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM) dataset. The volume transport of the RC comes from the Kuroshio eastward branch(KEB) east of Taiwan and part of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre(pNPSG). From the surface to 2 000 m depth, the KEB(p-NPSG) transport contributes 41.5%(58.5%) to the mean total RC transport. The KEB originally forms the subsurface velocity core of the RC east of Taiwan due to blockage of the subsurface Kuroshio by the Ilan Ridge(sill depth: 700 m). Above 700 m, the Kuroshio can enter the East China Sea(ECS) over the Ilan Ridge, meanwhile, the blocked Kuroshio below 700 m turns to the right and flows along the Ryukyu Islands. With the RC flowing northeastward, the p-NPSG contribution strengthens the subsurface maximum structure of the RC owing to the blockage of the Ryukyu Ridge. In the surface layer, the pNPSG cannot form a stable northeastward current due to frequent disturbance by mesoscale eddies and water exchange through the gaps(with net volume transport into ECS) between the Ryukyu Islands.     

GF-3全极化影像在地表浅覆盖区进行地质构造解译的新方法

地质构造信息对地质矿产调查具有重要意义,野外实测和光学遥感等常规手段在一些地表浅覆盖区获取的地质构造信息十分有限,而合成孔径雷达(SAR)对地表具有一定的穿透性,在探测地表浅层覆盖区域的地质构造特征中具有独特优势。利用高分三号(GF-3)全极化影像,在典型的地表浅层覆盖区域,开展了断裂构造等信息的解译探索,提出了一种地表浅覆盖区域地质构造解译的新方法。首先对西藏改则、林芝、贵阳、北京千家店等4个研究区内的断裂构造和环带构造进行分析;接着,提出了GF-3全极化影像用于浅覆盖区地质解译的处理流程,通过引入DEM数据对GF-3影像进行地形校正,充分利用微地形微地貌特征,并采用不同极化方式的RGB合成,增强了影像的判读性,并进行地质构造解译;最后,将解译结果与1∶5万实测数据进行对比,断层的位置和方向与实测结果基本一致,同时获取了大量野外实测未能探明的浅覆盖层以下的断层信息,进一步丰富了研究区的地质构造信息。结果表明,GF-3全极化影像可用于浅覆盖区的地质构造解译,并且具有野外实测和光学遥感等常规手段所不能替代的独特优势。     

日本海环流研究综述

日本海作为东北亚地区最大的边缘海,是西北太平洋上的重要海区。由于特殊的地理位置和复杂的地形,使得日本海的环流结构呈现独有特征,如日本海内的亚极地锋现象,复杂多变的涡旋,北部形成的深水团等。概述了日本海环流状况,着重介绍了对马海峡、郁陵海盆环流情形和日本海特征水团;总结了目前仍存在的争议问题,如对马暖流源头、对马暖流空间结构等;指出了目前日本海尚待解决的科学问题,如对马暖流流量的长期变化及其原因、东韩暖流消失现象及其机制、日本海特征水的传播路径及其影响因素、日本海的某些变化产生原因及其与全球变化的响应等。     

几种测流设备的比测试验及分析

海流是基础的海洋资料,海流计是海流测量的重要仪器。文中介绍了RCM-9型安德拉海流计、中科院声学所150 kH z ADCP、RD I公司75kH z相控阵ADCP以及LADCP四种声学海流计的工作原理以及海上比测试验。通过分析比测试验的结果,验证了各仪器的测流性能,并从层厚、层深、相对流速参考物以及安装位置等方面分析了造成各设备测量差别的原因,为将来的流速测量提供了参考依据。     

Southwestward intrusion of korea strait bottom cold water observed in 2003 and 2004

Hydrographic surveys were carried out four times in the western channel of the Korea Strait in March and August 2003 and in June and November 2004. The bottom cold water, which was lower than 10°C, appeared in the channel trough except in March 2003. It flowed southwestward along the shelf of Korean coasts in August 2003 and in November 2004. The width and the maximum speed of the intrusion current were about 20 km and approximately 25 cm s^-1, respectively, off Ulsan, Korea. The volume transport of the bottom cold water was estimated 0.019 Sv (Sv≡10⁶ m³ s^-1) in August 2003 and 0.026 Sv in November 2004.     

北太平洋热带水体积的年际变化及其变化机制

利用EN4(the UK Met Office EN4.2.1 analyses)盐度数据发现北太平洋副热带高盐中心——北太平洋热带水(NPTW)的海表面积与体积在2000—2008年、2014—2017年存在下降趋势,2008—2014年期间存在上升趋势,进一步的研究表明,这些变化与太平洋年代际震荡(PDO)的位相转换紧密相关。利用淡水通量数据以及ECCO2(Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, Phase II)流场数据计算分析后表明,淡水通量对NPTW的变化贡献较小,而水平输运对NPTW的表面积以及体积变化贡献较大,这与PDO正(负)位相期间北赤道流(NEC)的向北(南)摆动有关。     

黑潮在吕宋海峡的形变及动力机制

根据１９９０年以来对吕宋海峡和中国南海（ＳＣＳ）北部的ＷＯＣＥ水文资料和其它海洋调查资料的分析，以及对同一海区的卫星遥测海表温度（ＳＳＴ）的资料处理，推断在吕宋海峡常年存在黑潮路径弯曲，西折进入ＳＣＳ并又流出ＳＣＳ的现象，作者将黑潮的这种变形称为“黑潮流套”。黑潮变形进入ＳＣＳ的位置在冬季位于海峡中部、南部附近，范围较大；在夏季略向北移，较集中于海峡中部，范围较小。作者认为，黑潮流套现象可用位涡守恒理论作定性的解释：当黑潮在吕宋海峡失去西边界支持后，其流轴以西贴近西边界的一部分流体，因具有较大的相对正涡度，会脱离黑潮主体在南海东北部形成反时针旋转或顺时针旋转的环流，而黑潮主体会以顺时针旋转的形式在海峡以西的海域出现。整个黑潮以弯曲、扩展的形式在海峡处产生形变，在海峡东侧出现反气旋涡旋的倾向。吕宋海峡黑潮流套及南海北部的诱生环流之流型，会因黑潮本身以及副热带环流整体的变化而变化，也与海峡的宽度有关。总之，吕宋海峡黑潮流套的形成是由当地特殊的地形条件和地转β效应这些内部机制决定的，它的常年存在有其必然性     

2000年8月长江口外海区冲淡水和羽状锋的观测

采用CTD、多参数环境监测系统 YSI等仪器设备 ,于 2 0 0 0年 8月在长江口外海区对长江冲淡水结构、羽状锋等进行了现场观测。 2 0 0 0年 8月长江冲淡水出口门后 ,朝东北偏北流动 ,而当年 8月为长江径流量偏小的月份。通过动力分析指出了近口门段长江冲淡水分布类型与径流量的关系。长江冲淡水主流在近口门附近朝东北偏北扩展后 ,在科氏力作用下朝东南扩展 ,在转向区域为沿水下河谷北上的高盐台湾暖流水。高盐的台湾暖流水和长江冲淡水混合 ,生成口外羽状锋 ,强度大 ,阻挡了长江冲淡水向东扩展 ,并使冲淡水在当年径流量偏小情况下朝东北偏北运动。部分台湾暖流水在中下层能穿越长江口外而向北流动。羽状锋主要存在于长江口外 1 2 2 .6°E附近的 1 5m水层之上。在浙江沿岸、长江口外水下低谷西侧、吕泗近岸存在着上升流现象     

The Current System in the Yellow and East China Seas

During the 1990s, our knowledge and understanding of the current system in the Yellow and East China Seas have grown significantly due primarily to new technologies for measuring surface currents and making high-resolution three-dimensional numerical model calculations. One of the most important new findings in this decade is direct evidence of the northward current west of Kyushu provided by satellite-tracked surface drifters. In the East China Sea shelf region, these recent studies indicate that in winter the Tsushima Warm Current has a single source, the Kuroshio Branch Current in the west of Kyushu, which transports a mixture of Kuroshio Water and Changjiang River Diluted Water northward. In summer the surface Tsushima Warm Current has multiple sources, i.e., the Taiwan Warm Current, the Kuroshio Branch Current to the north of Taiwan, and the Kuroshio Branch Current west of Kyushu. The summer surface circulation pattern in the East China Sea shelf region changes year-to-year corresponding to interannual variations in Changjiang River discharge. Questions concerning the Yellow Sea Warm Current, the Chinese Coastal Current in the Yellow Sea, the current field southwest of Kyushu, and the deep circulation in the Okinawa Trough remain to be addressed in the next decade. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.