Doppler radar observation, CG lightning activity and aerial survey of a multiple downburst in southern Germany on 23 March 2001

Two downburst events from one thunderstorm are investigated, which occurred on 23 March 2001, in Germany's climatologic annual minimum of downburst activity. Observations by two Doppler radars are combined with hail reports, ground lightning detection and an aerial survey conducted after the event. The downburst-producing storm had formed at a synoptic convergence line within the warm sector of a cyclone. It had a remarkably high propagation speed of up to 31 m s^− 1 corresponding to the mid-tropospheric flow. Thus, by superposition with the storm motion, even two weak downbursts were sufficient to cause the observed damage of F1 and F2 intensity, respectively. While in its late stages, the storm was dynamically characterized by lower- and mid-tropospheric divergence; at about the time of the first downburst, a mesocyclonic vortex signature was verified. Aside from mid-tropospheric dry air entrainment, a thermodynamic explanation for the triggering of the two downbursts by melting of small hail according to recent findings by Atlas et al. [Atlas, D., Ulbrich, C.W., Williams, C.R., 2004. Physical origin of a wet microburst: observations and theory. J. Atmos. Sci. 61, 1186–1196] appears probable. Despite the lack of warnings to the public, the storm's potential for hail and strong straight-line winds was detected by the German weather service radar software CONRAD more than a half hour before the downbursts occurred.     

北京市某深基坑工程事故分析与处理

土钉墙支护技术近几年在基坑工程中得到了广泛的应用，但由于设计和施工等各种原因造成的基坑失稳事故时有发生，造成巨大的经济损失。结合工程实例从勘察、设计、施工等诸多方面对基坑事故进行分析，并介绍了相应的处理措施，提出了几点值得重视的经验。     

湘赣边区NNE向走滑断裂-流体-铀成矿动力学分析

以湘赣边区ＮＮＥ向走滑断裂系统构造解析及其演化和动力学分析为主线,结合含矿流体的运动学过程研究,进行热液铀成矿动力学分析,以探讨成矿作用的动力来源、作用机制和演化过程。     

1976年唐山地震发震断裂的活动性研究

震后野外考察及航空摄影发现的地裂缝带,说明唐山断裂与１９７６年唐山７．８级大地震的发震构造有密切关系。用卫星遥感信息和浅层地震勘探结果对唐山断裂的活动性做了新的研究。卫星图像解释结果表明：震前一年多时间内,ＮＥ向的唐山断裂被ＮＮＷ向断裂截切而ＮＷＷ向断裂受到牵引,因而显示出右旋走滑的活动形迹。浅层地震勘探结果则证明,唐山断裂是倾向ＮＷ,高倾角的右旋走滑正断层,它断错了全新统（Ｑ４）、晚更新统（Ｑ３）、中更新统（Ｑ２）和早更新统（Ｑ１）地层     

阿尔金断裂系的组成及相关中新生代含油气盆地的成因特征

阿尔金构造带是多次俯冲—碰撞而形成的塔里木板块东南边缘,构造带内的走滑活动始于奥陶纪中晚期,中新生代强烈活动,并将北部不同构造单元的一些地质体拖曳到断裂带中,形成北山与敦煌构造楔。北山—阿拉善及断裂两侧的其他地质体受到走滑拉分作用的强烈改造,形成许多中新生代含油气盆地,共同构成我国中西部一条巨型走滑断裂系。     

Prediction of application scope of vertical fracture strike based on scattered wave fracture orientation function

Fracture system plays a very important role in the enrichment and accumulation of oil and gas in the reservoirs. Based on scattering wave information,Fracture Orientation Function( FOF) was built,which can be used to predict the fracture orientations. However,this method has only been verified by physical experiments without studies on the application scope. In this study,based on the linear sliding theory,FOF of the scattering wave was applied to the numerical simulation and the application scope was further studied according to fracture flexibility tensor. According to the fractures filled with gas and liquid,numerical simulation was conducted on the models with various fracture flexibilities. Numerical simulation results were used to inverse fracture orientation with the aid of the FOF of the scattering wave. The results show that it is workable to predict the vertical fracture orientation with the FOF of the scattering wave. Application of this method is more effective when the fractures are filled with gas than liquid. Moreover,the application scope can be predicted by the fracture flexibility.     

基于正态分布拟合与检验的闪电定位资料控制

选取福州地区2007—2012年闪电定位资料,使用Matlab对数正态分布拟合方法以及STATA的正态分布检验方法对数据进行质量控制,研究闪电定位数据误差修正方法。结果表明:利用Matlab对数正态分布拟合方法与STATA正态分布检验方法,可以定量找到闪电定位资料小幅值电流干扰区间,对于有效利用闪电定位资料有较好的参考价值。福州地区小幅值雷电流干扰区间为0~1 kA,剔除此区间资料后正闪拟合效果最佳。在使用福州地区闪电定位资料时可先将此区间小幅值闪电误差数据删除,该结论可为福州地区闪电定位数据修正提供参考。     

基于AHP的文物建筑防雷分类研究

通过对文物建筑雷电灾害规律的分析,提出将文物建筑的重要性、雷击密度、所处环境、服务设施、文物建筑高度、周围树木、自身结构、雷击史等作为文物建筑防雷分类的评估指标,采用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标权重。根据文物建筑保护等级、遭受雷灾规律、雷电活动情况以及现行国家标准将评估指标分类,参考里克特量表及等权指标体系对评估指标进行评价,建立了文物建筑防雷分类评估模型。     

大连“11．28”翻船事故风浪分析

利用自动气象站资料、常规气象观测资料、NCEP全球再分析资料及WAVEWATCH III模式预报资等料对2012年11月28日大连翻船事故的大风大浪实况、事故成因及演变情况进行分析。结果表明：大连此次翻船事故高空的强冷空气促使冷涡加强,西部大陆高压和蒙古气旋不断加强东移,东南部海上高压稳定少动,蒙古气旋底前部与海上高压顶后部梯度加大,梯度密集区正好位于渤海海峡,造成黄海和渤海偏西大风;低层辐散和中层辐合的垂直结构加强了低层以下的上下扰动,构成南北垂直环流,中层以下动力强迫下沉气流将北侧中层的动量下传至辽东半岛南部地面及黄海、渤海海面,使其不断获得动能,有利于偏西大风的加强;西南向岸大风有利于浪高增长,偏西大风及与其同时增长的大浪是大连地区此次翻船事故的主要原因。