浅谈学校电教室防雷

对电子教室教学存在雷击安全隐患进行了分析,并提出了综合的防护措施,为今后学校电教室雷电防护的安装、维护提供参考。     

提高网络GIS效率的途径及其技术原理

阻碍网络GIS性能的因素分为两大方面：硬件环境和软件环境。聚焦于软件环境,从通用网络GIS的三层体系架构上入手,分别在数据层、逻辑层和层间数据传输上描述了的一些可实施的优化途径及其技术原理,以综合应用来提高网络GIS的效率。     

鄂北工区水平井提速提效技术探讨

随着鄂北大牛地气田的持续建产,水平井规模开发已成为气田开发的重点技术。但在水平井施工中,由于诸如地层岩性变化,可钻性差异大问题;泥岩稳定性问题;低破裂压力层段地层漏失问题等;钻井液润滑性和携岩性能和岩屑床清除问题;以及地层变化、尖灭使得突然钻遇泥岩、煤层,发生坍塌、掉块等不可控因素,对水平井钻井提速提效产生不利影响和困难。本文分析了影响水平井提速提效的瓶颈问题,提出较为完善的技术方案,从而实现水平井施工安全、快速、高效钻进的目的。     

定向钻进套铣打捞钻杆的设计

通过对常用定向钻进配套钻具打捞工艺的对比分析,明确了采用套铣打捞工艺处理煤矿井下近水平定向钻进中出现的塌孔、卡钻、埋钻等孔内事故的可行性与实用性。根据其工艺施工要求,结合煤矿井下近水平定向钻进系统配套钻具具体参数,研制了能够满足额定扭矩6000 N·m钻机使用要求的定向钻进套铣打捞钻杆。成庄矿的应用表明,采用套铣打捞工艺处理近水平定向钻进时孔内事故（塌孔、卡钻、埋钻等）可行性较强,且套铣打捞钻杆结构设计合理,能满足套铣打捞工艺的使用要求。     

HC600型全液压动力头便携式钻机在陇东南山区生产应用效果及经济性分析

通过HC600型全液压动力头便携式钻机在武山温家沟金矿区、文县筏子坝外围铜矿区进行NQ、BQ型金刚石绳索取心钻探的效果,分析了全液压动力头便携式钻机相对于立轴式钻机的优点、不足及其经济性,提出全液压动力头便携式钻机在陇东南山区的适用性及我国地质岩心钻机发展的趋向。     

山东商河地区地热井钻效分析

商河县地热井资源丰富,蕴藏量巨大,其热储含水层主要为新近系馆陶组以及古近系的东营组。通过区内施工的4个地热井的钻效分析,认为：①采用电动机作为动力的4#地热井施工工期明显优于其他3口采用柴油机作动力的;②本区构造较简单,断层稀少,分阶段使用PDC钻头可以将施工工期大大缩短;③泥浆泵的泵量达到或接近钻孔的环空最低上返速度时,可有效携带岩屑,建议泥浆岩屑上返速度不低于0．5m/s;④使用Ф127mm钻杆代替Ф89mm钻杆,可使钻杆的抗扭强度增加,保证施工的安全;⑤地面使用泥浆罐配备除泥器间断性除泥,保证泥浆液面高于泥浆泵阀室,泥浆靠自重流入泥浆泵阀室内,降低了泥浆泵从循环沉淀池抽吸功耗与节省吸人阀磨损。对比结果可为该区进行地热井施工提供借鉴。     

Maintaining the stability of deviated and horizontal wells: Effects of mechanical,chemical and thermal phenomena on well designs

Wellbore instability, particularly in shale formations, is regarded as a major challenge in drilling operations. Many factors, such as rock properties, in-situ stresses, chemical interactions between shale and drilling fluids, and thermal effects, should be considered in well trajectory designs and drilling fluid formulations in order to mitigate wellbore instability-related problems. A comprehensive study of wellbore stability in shale formations that takes into account the three-dimensional earth stresses around the wellbore as well as chemical and thermal effects is presented in this work. The effects of borehole configuration (e.g. inclination and azimuth), rock properties (e.g. strength, Young's modulus, membrane efficiency and permeability), temperature and drilling fluid properties (e.g. mud density and chemical concentrations) on wellbore stability in shale formations have been investigated. Results from this study indicate that for low-permeability shales, chemical interactions between the shale and water-based fluids play an important role. Not only is the activity of the water important but the diffusion of ions is also a significant factor for saline fluids. The cooling of drilling fluids is found to be beneficial in preventing compressive failure. However, decreasing the mud temperature can be detrimental since it reduces the fracturing pressure of the formation, which can result in lost-circulation problems. The magnitude of thermal effects depends on shale properties, earth stresses and wellbore orientation and deviation. Conditions are identified when chemical and thermal effects play a significant role in determining the mud-weight window when designing drilling programmes for horizontal and deviated wells. The results presented in this paper will help in reducing the risks associated with wellbore instability and thereby lowering the overall non-productive times and drilling costs.     

Laboratory study of static and dynamic compaction grouting in triaxial condition

This research paper is focused on the fundamental behaviour of applying static and dynamic compaction grouting techniques on completely decomposed granite (CDG) soils in Hong Kong. Using the modified triaxial apparatus and a novel pulse wave generator, laboratory tests were performed to identify the critical controllable factors of static and dynamic compaction grouting techniques in optimizing compaction effectiveness. The distinguishing feature of this laboratory apparatus is that it can simulate triaxial condition of static and dynamic compaction grouting. The effective confining pressure, the lateral pressure coefficient, excess pore water pressure, back pressure and void ratio change of the specimen were measured in this study. At the same time, the dynamic compaction grouting pressure, dynamic compaction frequency, and dynamic compaction duration were controlled. Moreover, the effects of effective confining pressure and injection rate on the compaction efficiency in static tests were studied. The study focused on the effect of dynamic compaction frequency, dynamic compaction duration, lateral pressure coefficient and initial dry density on the compaction efficiency of Hong Kong CDG soils.     

黄河流域绿色发展效率时空演进

识别黄河流域绿色发展效率及其时空演进规律,有助于区域产业布局、环境规制与政策制定,进而实现黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展。针对黄河流域异质化发展,结合经济发展和环境治理的区域发展规律,构建多周期两阶段DEA模型（Multi-period two-stage DEA model）,通过测算绿色经济效率与绿色创新效率,实现黄河流域省市的绿色发展效率测度,同时借助ArcGIS10.6软件对黄河流域省域绿色发展的时空格局进行了动态演进并分析其发展路径。结果表明：黄河流域空间维度呈现上游较差、中游一般、下游最优的发展不均衡现状;时间维度呈现“W”型波动式上升趋势,但整体一般;存在省份绿色发展水平较高、黄河段城市却较差的发展不一致现象。针对黄河流域省市的各种发展情境,从省市协同治理、政府引导、产业结构、科技研发、税收政策等方面提出了建议。     

秸秆覆盖下的夏玉米蒸散、水分利用效率和作物系数的变化

农业用水占华北水资源的70%以上,提高农业用水的效率对华北水资源安全具有重要意义。在节水农业研究中,利用农艺节水提高农田水分利用效率是节水农业的重要组成部分,其中减少农田无效棵间蒸发耗水和优化供水制度是主要的农艺节水措施。夏玉米是华北太行山山前平原的主要作物之一,一般在冬小麦收获前的5～7天套种在其中,以延长夏玉米的生育期。随着联合收割机的广泛应用,冬小麦收获后的秸秆直接覆盖夏玉米,对夏玉米的农田蒸散特别是苗期的蒸散产生影响;夏玉米生长在6～9月的雨季,一般年份降水能够满足夏玉米的需水要求,但夏季降水的分布变异较大,再加上近6年来的夏季干旱,使灌水对夏玉米的高产至关重要。为了提高夏玉米的农田水分利用效率,本研究的目的是建立秸秆覆盖下的夏玉米优化供水制度和研究秸秆覆盖对减少棵间无效耗水的影响及秸秆覆盖下的夏玉米作物系数的变化,为制定秸秆覆盖下的夏玉米优化供水制度提供依据。2年的实验结果显示,秸秆覆盖下的夏玉米产量在8000kg/ha,总蒸散量在390mm,水分利用效率在2.2kg/m3。干旱年份,夏玉米在灌四水的条件下产量最高,再增加灌水量,产量减少。水分利用效率随着灌水量的增加有所递减。