吴忠—灵武地区震源机制一致性参数时空特征及预报效能分析

通过计算2003—2021年吴忠—灵武地区M_L≥2.0地震的震源机制解,利用震源机制解结果和叠加应力场反演方法计算了吴忠一灵武地区的应力张量方差,得到应力张量方差的空间和时序分布特征,分析吴忠—灵武地区4次M_S≥4.0地震和该地区震源机制一致性参数的关系,提取了该地区震源机制一致性参数预测指标,并讨论了其预报效能。结果表明,2003—2021年吴忠—灵武地区的应力张量方差空间值范围主要介于0.13～0.22之间,以38.1°N为分界线,呈现南低北高的分区特征,4次M_S≥4.0地震均发生在应力张量方差高低值的过渡区域附近,应力张量方差的时序图存在两处显著的“异常”变化,其变化特征为应力张量时序方差持续低于0.1且维持1年左右,并呈现显著的“V”型变化,该两处“V”型变化之后各自对应了2012年永宁M_S4.6和2021年灵武Ms4.0地震,即震前其应力张量时序方差均经历了“下降—转折—回升—发震”的变化,回升到发震的时间间隔约为1年左右。该地区的预报效能分析结果认为,可以将震源机制一致性参数作为吴忠—灵...     

云南星云湖大街河口湖滨湿地修复及净化效果

星云湖入湖污染物负荷量80%来自面源,而河道是输送污染物的主要通道,为了削减入湖污染物,在大街河口末端修复湖滨湿地4.5 hm2,恢复湖湾沉水植物28.8 hm2,对表流湿地及沉水植物的净化效果进行了试验研究.研究结果表明,由于水生植物庞大的表面积吸附、分解和吸收作用、水质净化水质效果十分明显,净化大街河水317.8×104 m3/a,SS、BOD5、CODMn、TN、TP的去除率分别为82.8%、60.1%、52.8%、49.2%、40.7%.河口湖滨湿地的修复不仅净化了水质,而且改善了河湾景观,恢复了湖泊生物多样性.     

数字遥测地震台的雷电防护

数字遥测地震台网的系统硬件安全是一个很重要的问题，它直接关系到系统能否正常运行。而雷电是造成电子设备损坏的主要原因之一，雷电灾害被“国际十年减灾”组织列为十种最严重的自然灾害之一。本文就数字遥测地震台的雷电防护问题提出一些技术措施和解决方案。     

Comparing expert judgement and numerical criteria for hydrograph evaluation

Abstract

This paper investigates the relationship between expert judgement and numerical criteria when evaluating hydrological model performance by comparing simulated and observed hydrographs. Using a web-based survey, we collected the visual evaluations of 150 experts on a set of high- and low-flow hydrographs. We then compared these answers with results from 60 numerical criteria. Agreement between experts was found to be more frequent in absolute terms (when rating models) than in relative terms (when comparing models), and better for high flows than for low flows. When comparing the set of 150 expert judgements with numerical criteria, we found that most expert judgements were loosely correlated with a numerical criterion, and that the criterion that best reflects expert judgement varies from expert to expert. Overall, we identified two groups of 10 criteria yielding an equivalent match with the expertise of the 150 participants in low and high flows, respectively. A single criterion common to both groups (the Hydrograph Matching Algorithm with mean absolute error) may represent a good indicator for the overall evaluation of models based on hydrographs. We conclude that none of the numerical criteria examined here can fully replace expert judgement when rating hydrographs, and that both relative and absolute evaluations should be based on the judgement of multiple experts.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis     

水力内割刀与可退式捞矛在打捞深孔事故钻杆中的应用

采用水力式割刀分段割断事故钻杆,可退式捞矛捞取事故钻杆的处理方法,快捷、安全、经济地处理了招远栾家河金矿区47ZK3孔深孔跑钻事故。结合该工程实例,介绍了水压式割刀和可退式捞矛的使用方法,并与传统的反丝钻杆和丝锥锥捞处理方法进行了比较。     

HC600型全液压动力头便携式钻机在陇东南山区生产应用效果及经济性分析

通过HC600型全液压动力头便携式钻机在武山温家沟金矿区、文县筏子坝外围铜矿区进行NQ、BQ型金刚石绳索取心钻探的效果,分析了全液压动力头便携式钻机相对于立轴式钻机的优点、不足及其经济性,提出全液压动力头便携式钻机在陇东南山区的适用性及我国地质岩心钻机发展的趋向。     

φ420 mm插接式密封型螺旋钻杆的研制

φ420 mm插接式密封型螺旋钻杆是为满足煤层中利用螺旋钻具钻进近水平大直径钻孔的需要而研制的。介绍了其设计、加工和应用等情况。     

Turbulent mixing condensation nucleus counter

The construction and operating principles of the Turbulent Mixing Condensation Nucleus Counter (TM CNC) are described. Estimations based on the semiempirical theory of turbulent jets and the classical theory of nucleation and growth show the possibility of detecting particles as small as 2.5 nm without the interference of homogeneous nucleation. This conclusion was confirmed experimentally during the International Workshop on Intercomparison of Condensation Nuclei and Aerosol Particle Counters (Vienna, Austria). Number concentration, measured by the Turbulent Mixing CNC and other participating instruments, is found to be essentially equal.     

国家数字台网资料分析软件的改进系统

根据国家数字台网资料处理的实际工作需要,在原有的资料处理系统基础上,研制了开发的具有高效、高精度、高度自动化的软件改进系统。本系统利用VC++开发,共开发了6个独立模块,能与原系统融合成一个整体,方便工作人员使用,减轻工作负担,提高了工作效率与质量。