全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2552篇 |
免费 | 363篇 |
国内免费 | 457篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 110篇 |
大气科学 | 1085篇 |
地球物理 | 424篇 |
地质学 | 275篇 |
海洋学 | 221篇 |
天文学 | 935篇 |
综合类 | 83篇 |
自然地理 | 239篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 16篇 |
2023年 | 33篇 |
2022年 | 54篇 |
2021年 | 77篇 |
2020年 | 63篇 |
2019年 | 60篇 |
2018年 | 57篇 |
2017年 | 59篇 |
2016年 | 57篇 |
2015年 | 91篇 |
2014年 | 105篇 |
2013年 | 119篇 |
2012年 | 113篇 |
2011年 | 122篇 |
2010年 | 103篇 |
2009年 | 245篇 |
2008年 | 189篇 |
2007年 | 216篇 |
2006年 | 172篇 |
2005年 | 189篇 |
2004年 | 156篇 |
2003年 | 143篇 |
2002年 | 131篇 |
2001年 | 110篇 |
2000年 | 83篇 |
1999年 | 81篇 |
1998年 | 88篇 |
1997年 | 69篇 |
1996年 | 66篇 |
1995年 | 64篇 |
1994年 | 52篇 |
1993年 | 48篇 |
1992年 | 27篇 |
1991年 | 31篇 |
1990年 | 22篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3372条查询结果,搜索用时 9 毫秒
11.
Blazars are the only (with one or two exceptions) extragalactic objects which were detected and identified at gamma-ray energies
so far. It is suspected that most of the unidentified gamma-ray sources may be the blazars as well. Because the entire electromagnetic
spectrum of these objects is dominated by non-thermal radiation from relativistically moving jets, the effects such as the
Klein–Nishina regime in the Compton scattering may play a major role in shaping some parts of the blazar spectrum. Within
the framework of external radiation Compton model, we present how these effect influence the spectra of blazars for which
the production of gamma rays is dominated by Comptonization of external radiation. 相似文献
12.
13.
R. J. Protheroe 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,341(1):230-238
I re-examine the brightness temperature problem in PKS 0405-385, which is an extreme intra-day variable radio quasar with an inferred brightness temperature of ∼5 × 1014 K at 5 GHz, well above the Compton catastrophe limit of ∼1011 K that is reached when the synchrotron photon energy density exceeds the energy density of the magnetic field. If one takes into account the uncertainty in the distance to the ionized clouds responsible for interstellar scintillation causing rapid intra-day variability in PKS 0405-385, it is possible that the brightness temperature could be as low as ∼1013 K at 5 GHz, or even lower. The radio spectrum can be fitted by optically thin emission from mono-energetic electrons, or an electron spectrum with a low-energy cut-off such that the critical frequency of the lowest energy electrons is above the radio frequencies of interest. If one observes optically thin emission along a long narrow emission region, the average energy density in the emission region can be many orders of magnitude lower than calculated from the observed intensity if one assumed a spherical emission region. I discuss the physical conditions in the emission region and find that the Compton catastrophe can then be avoided using a reasonable Doppler factor. I also show that MeV to 100-GeV gamma-ray emission at observable flux levels should be expected from extreme intra-day variable sources such as PKS 0405-385. 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
Gamma-ray burst remnants become trans-relativistic typically in days to tens of days, and they enter the deep Newtonian phase in tens of days to months, during which the majority of shock-accelerated electrons will no longer be highly relativistic. However, a small portion of electrons are still accelerated to ultra-relativistic speeds and are capable of emitting synchrotron radiation. The distribution function for electrons is re-derived here so that synchrotron emission from these relativistic electrons can be calculated. Based on the revised model, optical afterglows from both isotropic fireballs and highly collimated jets are studied numerically, and compared to analytical results. In the beamed cases, it is found that, in addition to the steepening due to the edge effect and the lateral expansion effect, the light curves are universally characterized by a flattening during the deep Newtonian phase. 相似文献
17.
W. Bednarek 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,345(3):847-853
We argue that γ-ray sources observed in the direction of the Cygnus OB2 association in the GeV and TeV energy range are due to a pulsar that was created by a supernova a few tens of thousands of years ago. The GeV emission is produced by a middle-aged pulsar, a factor of 2 older than the Vela pulsar. The TeV emission is produced by high-energy hadrons and/or leptons accelerated in pulsar wind nebulae. We suggest, moreover, that the excess of cosmic rays at ∼1018 eV observed from the direction of the Cygnus region can also be related to the appearance of this very energetic pulsar in the Cyg OB2 association. Some of the relativistic hadrons, captured in strong magnetic fields of a high-density region of Cyg OB2, produce neutrons and γ-rays in collisions with matter. These neutrons can arrive from Cyg OB2, creating an excess of cosmic rays. 相似文献
18.
19.
Z. Q. Qu C. L. Xu X. Y. Zhang X. L. Yan C. L. Jin 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,370(4):1790-1796
The influence of magnetic fields on the energy level populations of atoms is firstly studied by analysing the Stokes profiles of Fe i 6302.5 forming in the solar magnetized atmosphere, with the aid of a departure factor defined to evaluate the deviation from the normal Boltzmann distribution without a magnetic field. This factor is directly related to the ratio of line-source function to the continuum one. The relationship between the departure and the magnetic field reveals an effect that the magnetic field induces an exponential increase in the level population of the lower level of Fe i 6302.5 (Landé factor g = 2.5 ) with the field strength. This indicates that the magnetic field can cause the redistribution of populations of those levels whose Landé factors are non-zero. Therefore, this effect should be included in the calculation of the statistical equilibrium. Secondly, an experiment utilizing the Hg5461 line in the laboratory on the Earth is carried out to reveal that the exponential relation is independent of variations in temperature, and the excitation is completely magneto-induced. Finally, the exponential relation is explained by taking account of the magnetic energy in the Boltzmann distribution. 相似文献
20.
山区短波反射辐射的计算模式 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文提出计算山区测点可接受到的来自周围山地的短波反射辐射日平均通量密度的通用计算机模式,并以大别山南段赵公岭山区为例进行了试验,结果表明,该式通用性强、精度较高。 相似文献