海拉尔盆地含火山岩地层复杂岩性剖面构建技术

海拉尔盆地是中新生代断陷盆地,盆地内断裂发育、物源多且近、地层相带变化快、纵向多层位。这些地质特征导致海拉尔盆地岩性剖面结构复杂,不仅存在着火山熔岩和一般陆源沉积岩,且广泛发育火山过渡岩性。在岩石岩性多样纷杂、录井取心标定资料有限的前提下,如何构建合理的复杂岩性剖面已成为该盆地储层评价的关键。尽管常规测井资料在一定程度上可反映出岩层岩石颗粒成分及分布状况,同时又可提供岩层纵向上的连续变化趋势,但若给出高精度的纵向岩层岩性剖面,仍存在两项关键问题： 1）各测井项目对复杂岩性的反映能力问题, 2）沉积厚度薄、成分复杂的过渡岩性的识别问题。本文将岩层地质沉积信息作为测井资料识别岩性的约束条件,系统建立岩性剖面的有约束连续模式识别技术,实现了海拉尔盆地复杂岩性剖面的高精度构建。经过取心井的验证,综合岩性判别符合率达到80％以上。     

The junction of the eastern Central Asian Fold Belt and the Siberian Platform: deep structure and Mesozoic tectonics and geodynamics

The tectonic structure of the junction of the eastern Central Asian Fold Belt and the Siberian Platform, along with the deep structure of the Earth's crust and lithosphere in this region, has been described on the basis of new geological and geophysical data (seismic, geoelectric, and space-structural studies as well as new-generation geological maps), combined with new interpretation techniques (processing of the previous data by special software). The data suggest the existence of oblique collision during the convergence of the tectonic plates and, correspondingly, tectonic units composing these plates, when the Mongol–Okhotsk paleobasin closed. Such a scenario within the Aldan–Stanovoi Shield is evidenced by areas of syn- and postcollisional magmatism, with their deep-level and geochemical characteristics, and by the presence of a Late Mesozoic fold–thrust zone. Deep “traces” of these tectonomagmatic events, detected in the course of geological and geophysical modeling, are manifested in inclined deep boundaries between the crustal and lithospheric blocks. On the Earth's surface, they correspond to large fault systems: the Dzheltulak, North and South Tukuringra, Gulyui, and Stanovoi. It has been found that the influence of collision decreases northward with distance from the junction of the eastern Central Asian Fold Belt and the Siberian Platform (Dzheltulak and North Tukuringra transcrustal faults).     

Trophic importance of diatoms in an intertidal Zostera noltii seagrass bed: Evidence from stable isotope and fatty acid analyses

A current predominant paradigm emphasizes the role of epiphytic algae for invertebrates in most seagrass food webs. However, in some intertidal Zostera noltii beds, epiphyte biomass is very low compared to microphytobenthos and seagrass biomasses. We assessed the role of microphytobenthos in a temperate intertidal Z. noltii bed by combining stable isotope and fatty acid (FA) analyses on primary producers, composite sources — suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) and sediment surface organic matter (SSOM) — and the main macrofaunal consumers. Z. noltii showed high δ¹³C (−9.9‰) and high 18:2(n-6) and 18:3(n-3) contents. Microphytobenthos was slightly more ¹³C-depleted (−15.4‰) and had high levels of diatom markers: 14:0, 16:1(n-7)c, 20:5(n-3). Low mean δ¹³C (−22.0‰) and large amounts of diatom and bacteria (18:1(n-7)c) markers indicated that SPOM was mainly composed of a mixture of fresh and decayed pelagic diatoms. Higher mean δ¹³C (−17.9‰) and high amounts of diatom FAs were found in SSOM, showing that microphytobenthic diatoms dominate. Very low percentages of 18:2(n-6) and 18:3(n-3) in consumers indicated a low contribution of Z. noltii material to their diets. Grazers, deposit and suspension-deposit feeders had δ¹³C close to microphytobenthos and high levels of diatom FAs, confirming that microphytobenthos represented the main part of their diet. Lower δ¹³C and higher amounts of flagellate FAs – 22:6(n-3) and 16:4(n-3) – in suspension feeders indicated that their diet resulted from a mixture of SPOM and microphytobenthos. These results demonstrate that invertebrates do not consume high amounts of seagrass and highlight the main role of benthic diatoms in this intertidal seagrass bed.     

山东地区三类典型制药企业的VOCs源成分谱及排放特征研究

制药行业因在提取等过程中使用有机溶剂排放大量挥发性有机物（VOCs）而备受关注.本研究在山东省选择化学合成、生物发酵、中药共三家制药企业开展了107种VOCs组分的监测和分析,并建立制药企业的VOCs源成分谱.研究结果表明：化学合成类和生物发酵类制药企业排放总质量浓度均超过20 mg/m³,中药制药企业的样品的平均质量浓度相对较小,为902.66 μg/m³.本研究所分析的107种组分中,以含氧挥发性有机物（OVOCs）为主,三家企业均超过75%,其中,化学合成制药类卤代烃物种的占比较高.企业类型、生产环节、收集排放措施等是影响VOCs成分的重要因素.     

Inertial waves in the ‘gulf of St Lawrence: A study of geostrophic adjustment

Abstract

It is shown that inertial oscillations of significant magnitude can be generated by geostrophic adjustment in a shallow sea. Evidence of them in current‐meter data from the Gulf of St Lawrence is presented. The geostrophically unbalanced state required for the adjustment process is identified in the data by the occurrence of high accelerations of the currents. The difference between the inertial oscillations generated by different mechanisms, the intermittence and the frequency shift of the inertial waves are discussed.     

抚仙湖一米红外太阳望远镜Hα窄带滤光器扫描轮廓的检测与修正

抚仙湖1 m红外太阳望远镜的重要终端之一是多通道高分辨成像系统,主要由两路宽带和一路窄带成像系统组成。目前窄带成像系统的工作谱线为Hα。主要介绍了窄带成像系统扫描轮廓的检测和修正。主要检测内容包括扫描轮廓的中心波长位置、扫描轮廓对称性、前置滤光片对扫描轮廓的影响、滤光器工作温度稳定性等问题。检测结果显示:扫描轮廓在656.281-0.15 nm到656.281+0.4 nm的范围内与理论轮廓较好地吻合,而在656.281-0.15 nm到656.281-0.4 nm的范围内明显衰减。同时轮廓中心波长位置(即强度最低点的波长位置)相对于滤光器显示的"0 nm"偏带点蓝移了0.013 nm。针对上述检测结果,将滤光器的工作温度提高了约0.3℃。在温度调整之后,扫描轮廓的整体特征不变,轮廓中心波长位置与"0 nm"偏带点偏差小于0.004 nm,同时红蓝翼对称偏带点的强度差异小于10%(对应1.8 km/s的多普勒速度测量误差)。目前可以明确,扫描轮廓的蓝翼衰减是由前置滤光片造成,对于常用工作范围(656.281±0.1 nm),可以忽略前置滤光片的影响。滤光器工作温度比较稳定,1个月内温度变化幅度的标准方差约0.001 7℃。目前,该滤光器仍存在的问题是扫描轮廓在"0 nm"偏带点略有突起,幅度在6%~8%。建议在以后的使用过程中,需要定期定量地对滤光器的扫描轮廓以及前置滤光片的透过率曲线进行检测。     

基于浅地层记录的海南岛东南部潟湖全新世地貌演化

海南岛东南部新村和黎安潟湖的4条地震剖面揭示了平均厚度达30m的全新世沉积层, 从中可识别出两个地层层序, 厚度分别为8~20m和5~45m。新村潟湖剖面中发现了2处老珊瑚礁和3处埋藏谷; 根据海湾发育历史和珊瑚礁分布特征分析, 老珊瑚礁和埋藏谷在约6ka B.P.的高海面时期被埋藏。将地震地层分析与海南岛全新世地层分布以及区域钻孔对比信息相结合, 本文提出全新世以来新村和黎安潟湖经历了古河道、浅海或滨海和沙坝-潟湖等环境演变过程。全新世海进淹没本区之后, 海湾南部山丘之间形成与外海相通的水道。此后, 波浪和潮流携带的沉积物在潟湖内堆积, 海湾南部水道被封闭, 并逐渐形成海湾中部的连岛沙坝, 把水域分为两个部分, 其西部为新村潟湖, 东部为黎安潟湖。     

二维微动剖面探测"孤石":以深圳地铁7号线为例

"孤石"是花岗岩不均匀风化所残留的风化核,在我国南方沿海地区普遍发育."孤石"埋藏分布随机,形状大小各异,给地铁盾构施工带来重大安全隐患,探测"孤石"一直是地铁工程勘察面临的难题.我们首次尝试利用二维微动剖面技术探测"孤石",在深圳地铁7号线车公庙—上沙段区间实测二条剖面,结合少量钻孔资料进行岩性层划分和"孤石"解释.实测结果显示,在二维微动视S波速度剖面上,素填土、粉质粘土、砾质粘性土等岩土层、全风化、强-中风化、微风化和未风化的花岗岩层,视S波速度值各不相同,剖面特征也存在较大差异,利用少量钻孔结果标定,易于划分;在强-中风化花岗岩层中,视S波速度(岩性)横向变化剧烈,局部发育"团块状"高速体,本文将其解释为未风化的花岗岩"孤石".本文结果表明,二维微动剖面技术探测"孤石"是有效的微动视S波速度剖面除能直观显示岩性的纵、横向变化,提供工程基岩面的埋深及起伏形态信息外,还可给出岩土层风化程度的判断信息,为高层建筑的桩基设计提供地球物理依据.作为一种全新的"孤石"探测手段,二维微动剖面技术尤其适用于交通繁忙、建筑物密集的、各种场源干扰严重的闹市区.     

塔里木盆地结晶基底的反射地震调查

大型克拉通内部沉积盆地基底组构与盆地起源和油气聚集有密切关系.除了钻井岩心及周缘露头研究可提供盆地结晶基底类型证据外,反射地震信号记录了沉积盆地起源时期的有关大地构造作用信息,盆地基底组构可通过记录长度大的反射地震剖面研究.2007年中石化在塔里木盆地将1400 km的地震剖面接收记录从6 s加长到12 s,为研究克拉通盆地结晶基底的组构和类型提供了难得的第一手资料.这篇文章主要介绍这次调查的反射地震剖面,讨论深反射地震数据处理的关键技术,展示塔里木盆地巴楚—塔中地区的四条12 s反射地震剖面,并对反射剖面的散射模式作初步分析.本次调查表明,将地震剖面接收记录从6 s加长到12 s,采集处理的成本只增加了3％左右,但是可为研究克拉通盆地结晶基底和上地壳不均匀性提供很有价值的第一手资料.     

东天山地区土壤中碱性障与元素分布的关系

研究东天山土屋—延东成矿带的土壤垂直剖面中,盐类明显淀积区段的水溶相、硫酸盐相和碳酸盐相元素分布,初步推断了由盐类组成的碱性地球化学障对土壤中元素分布的影响.在东天山地区干旱荒漠景观条件下,碱性地球化学障对表生带元素分布和存在形式的影响十分明显,各段碱性地球化学障因Ca、K、Na等盐类淀积部位的不同而出现了不同类型,并使元素在剖面上的分布产生差异.