Evaluating sustainability of community endeavours in an Indian floodplain wetland using multi‐criteria decision analysis

The floodplain wetlands of Ganga‐Ichamati interfluves in India have become severely degraded due to incessant, unsustainable utilization practices and lack of community awareness. In spite of the wetlands being the prime source of livelihood for millions, no comprehensive management strategy to accommodate the diverse aspirations and priorities of different users has been implemented for the wetlands to date. In this paper, the authors applied a framework of criteria and indicators to evaluate the status of sustainability achieved by community endeavours in one such wetland. The priorities, consumption patterns and contributions towards wetland conservation of major user groups functioning in that area were assessed by the framework developed through participatory multi‐criteria decision analysis. Results show the deteriorating status of the wetland at present regarding biodiversity conservation and livelihood generation. Fishing activities were identified as the dominant utilization option here followed by agriculture. The paper further explored the preferred alternative utilization strategies for achieving sustainability. Effectiveness of the developed framework in evaluating the extent of sustainability achieved in community endeavours was also highlighted in this context.     

输出误差系统的多新息辨识方法

研究了输出误差(OE)系统和输出误差自回归滑动平均(OEARMA)系统(即Box-Jenkins系统)的辅助模型随机梯度算法、辅助模型多新息随机梯度算法、辅助模型递推最小二乘算法、辅助模型多新息最小二乘算法,输出误差系统的修正辅助模型随机梯度算法、遗忘因子辅助模型随机梯度算法、变递推间隔辅助模型随机梯度算法、变递推间隔辅助模型多新息随机梯度算法、变递推间隔辅助模型递推最小二乘算法等,以及输出误差自回归(OEAR)系统的基于滤波的辅助模型多新息广义随机梯度算法和基于滤波的辅助模型多新息广义最小二乘算法.     

输出非线性方程误差类系统递推最小二乘辨识方法

随着控制技术的发展,控制对象的规模越来越大,使得辨识算法的计算量也越来越大.对于结构复杂的非线性系统,特别是包含未知参数乘积的非线性系统,使得过参数化辨识方法的参数数目大幅度增加,辨识算法的计算量也急剧增加,因此探索计算量小的参数估计方法势在必行.针对输出非线性方程误差类系统,讨论了基于过参数化模型的递推最小二乘类辨识方法;为减小过参数化辨识算法的计算量和提高辨识精度,分别利用分解技术和数据滤波技术,研究和提出了基于模型分解的递推最小二乘辨识方法和基于数据滤波的递推最小二乘辨识方法.最后给出了几个典型辨识算法的计算量、计算步骤、流程图.     

设计波高推算的一种新模型

考虑台风影响海域的设计波高,结合复合极值理论和最大熵原则,构造了1种新型的具有4个待定参量和1个台风频次参量的poisson-最大熵分布函数模型,并推导出求解参数的方程组,参数的数值解可通过年极值实测数据的期望、方差、偏度和峰度得到.以黄海某观测站26 a极值波高的实测数据为例计算了新模型中4个待定参量和多年一遇设计波高,并与传统常用计算方法得到的结果进行比较.比较表明,新模型相比传统方法具有一定的优势.     

An alternative method for interpreting jet erosion test (JET) data: part 1. Theory

The jet erosion test (JET) is a widely applied method for deriving the erodibility of cohesive soils and sediments. There are suggestions in the literature that further examination of the method widely used to interpret the results of these erosion tests is warranted. This paper presents an alternative approach for such interpretation based on the principle of energy conservation. This new approach recognizes that evaluation of erodibility using the jet tester should involve the mass of soil eroded, so determination of this eroded mass (or else scour volume and bulk density) is required. The theory partitions jet kinetic energy flux into that involved in eroding soil, the remainder being dissipated in a variety of mechanisms. The energy required to erode soil is defined as the product of the eroded mass and a resistance parameter which is the energy required to entrain unit mass of soil, denoted J (in J/kg), whose magnitude is sought. An effective component rate of jet energy consumption is defined which depends on depth of scour penetration by the jet, but not on soil type, or the uniformity of the soil type being investigated. Application of the theory depends on experimentally determining the spatial form of jet energy consumption displayed in erosion of a uniform body of soil, an approach of general application. The theory then allows determination of the soil resistance parameter J as a function of depth of scour penetration into any soil profile, thus evaluating such profile variation in erodibility as may exist. This parameter J has been used with the same meaning in soil and gully erosion studies for the last 25 years. Application of this approach will appear in a companion publication as part 2. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于超级混合虚折射干涉法的阵列声波处理方法及其在套管井中的应用

在声学测井勘探时,复杂多变的测井条件(如胶结不好的套管井和随钻测井等)下的强直达干扰信号会导致地层信号的信噪比降低,使得地层有用信号的提取十分困难.本文在超级虚折射法的基础上,利用声源与接收器的互易原理,对原始波场信号进行互相关和褶积重建,并对所有可能的位形产生的信号进行叠加,将该叠加波场与超级虚折射波场进行叠加,重构出超级混合虚折射波场,使不同接收器上的折射波信噪比在超级虚折射的基础上进一步得到提高,显著提高了有用信号的信噪比,同时解决了超级虚折射近场能量不足的问题.套管井测井的理论模拟及实际处理表明,该方法可以很好地压制套管波信号、提高地层信号的信噪比.     

Asynchronous driving principle and its application to vibration control

The vibration control of megaframes with suspension systems is developed in this paper. The interaction between the megaframe and the suspension systems is first analysed, then asynchronous driving principle is proposed for vibration control of such structures. A numerical example is presented to show the application of asynchronous driving principle in the design of vibration control. The response of the megaframe with suspension systems under evolutionary random excitation indicates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The vibration control method, though studied in a special case of the megaframe with suspension systems, is also applicable to the vibration control of combined structures with large secondary‐to‐primary mass ratio. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于Halphen分布和最大熵的洪水频率分析

设计洪水估算值对水利水电工程的设计规划至关重要,其关键是选择合适的分布线型和参数估计方法。目前采用单一的频率曲线进行水文分析计算,其设计结果具有较大的不确定性。引入Halphen分布函数进行洪水频率分析,并提出了基于最大熵原理的参数估计方法。利用丹江口水库1929~2014年的年最大日流量资料系列,分析检验Halphen分布的拟合效果,并与传统的分布进行比较。结果表明,Halphen函数具有灵活的形式和较好的尾部特征,适合于水文频率分析,其拟合结果基本优于其他的传统分布。     

对一种混沌图像密码的选择明文攻击

对基于广义猫映射和加法模运算的混沌密码进行了安全性分析,指出了该密码设计上的几处瑕疵。在选择明文攻击下,该密码系统在1轮加密时不够安全,仅选择3幅明文图像就可破译。讨论了该密码在多轮加密时待解决的问题以及可能采取的改进措施。     

CUBE曲面滤波参数联合优选关键技术及应用

CUBE(combined uncertainty and bathymetry estimator)算法是国际上主流的多波束测深异常值自动探测与处理算法,在国内外被广泛应用,但对其核心算法和参数知之甚少,不利于该项技术的国产化。本文详细阐述了CUBE算法的基本原理、数学模型、关键参数和处理步骤,进而建立了CUBE曲面滤波参数联合优选方法。通过选取典型地形区、参数试验、对比分析等步骤完成参数的联合优选,并用台湾浅滩实测数据进行了验证。结果表明,优化后的参数可有效提升多波束数据自动处理的精度和效率。本文成果可应用于国产多波束测深处理软件的深化研发以及多波束实测数据处理。