铜陵大团山铜(钼)矿床辉钼矿赋存状态及成因意义

大团山层状铜矿床中伴生有不同规模的钼矿体。钼矿主矿体赋存于角岩夹矽卡岩和黑色含钼碳质页岩中。矿石手标本中,矿石矿物的颗粒非常细小,难以靠肉眼或矿相显微镜进行鉴别。通过电子探针面扫描,发现钼主要以微小的鳞片状辉钼矿的形式,分布于穿插切割矽卡岩或碳质页岩的石英-方解石脉中。这类石英-方解石脉形成晚于矽卡岩或碳质页岩,通常与岩浆热液活动有关,故推断钼矿化主要与岩浆热液作用有关,辉钼矿Re-Os年龄代表着岩浆热液成矿作用的时代。     

Rock slope instability assessment using spatially distributed structural orientation data in Darjeeling Himalaya (India)

We discuss a geographic information system (GIS)‐based methodology for rock slope instability assessment based on geometrical relationships between topographic slopes and structural discontinuities in rocks. The methodology involves (a) regionalization of point observations of orientations (azimuth and dip) of structural discontinuities in rocks in order to generate a digital structural model (DStM), (b) testing the kinematical possibility of specific modes of rock slope failures by integrating DStMs and digital elevation model (DEM)‐derived slope and aspect data and (c) computation of stability scenarios with respect to identified rock slope failure modes. We tested the methodology in an area of 90 km² in Darjeeling Himalaya (India) and in a small portion (9 km²) within this area with higher density of field structural orientation data. The results of the study show better classification of rock slope instability in the smaller area with respect to known occurrences of deep‐seated rockslides than with respect to shallow translational rockslides, implying that structural control is more important for deep‐seated rockslides than for shallow translational rockslides. Results of scenario‐based analysis show that, in rock slopes classified to be unstable, stress‐induced rock slope instability tends to increase with increasing level of water saturation. The study demonstrates the usefulness of spatially distributed data of orientations of structural discontinuities in rocks for medium‐ to small‐scale classification of rock slope instability in mountainous terrains. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论党的第二代领导集体对政治民主化的贡献

政治文明是社会主义社会政治现代化建设的重要目标,而政治民主化是政治文明发展的重要体现。党的第二代领导集体在社会主义政治民主化方面作出了重要贡献,即健全与完善了人民代表大会制度、党内民主制度以及基层民主制度,积极推动了中国社会主义政治文明的发展进程。     

The geological heritages in Xinjiang, China: Its features and protection

The geological heritage protection and its development at home and abroad reflect the progress in the aspect from the single protection to the coordination between protection and exploitation. The geopark established by UNESCO has closely combined the protection of geological heritages with the promotion of sustainable development of local economy, which has become the best way to protect geological heritages. The geological heritages in Xinjiang, China, are characterized by their large quantity, rich variety and high grade. The complicated geologic-geomorphic environment in Xinjiang contributes to the creation of various geological heritage types and their spatial distribution, and at the same time makes them under control. The main types of the geological heritages in Xinjiang are the geologic- geomorphic landscapes and the water landscapes. The spatial distribution can be divided into five geological heritage districts: Altay, Junggar, Tianshan, Tarim and Kunlun-Altun, among which Tianshan and Kunlun-Altun are most important. Based on the first systematic investigation of the geological heritages in Xinjiang, it is confirmed that the insufficient coordination between protection and exploitation is the primary cause for the backward situation in the geological heritage protection. To solve the problem, this paper proposes 6 major protection steps—from determining the protection types, the protection forms, the protection modes, the protection grades, the protection sequences to determining the protection zones, brings forward the idea of optimal-selection which integrates geoparks with geological heritage protection areas and other protection areas as well as 5 corresponding modes, and makes a protection and exploitation reserve list for 209 important geological heritages in Xinjiang.     

真三轴条件下Q2黄土的破坏模式与强度特性研究

基于西安理工大学自主研发的新型真三轴试验仪,对不同含水率Q2黄土在不同b值、不同固结围压条件下进行了真三轴试验研究,分析了真三轴试样破坏方式、中主应力对抗剪强度参数的影响以及π平面上的强度破坏面。结果表明,Q2黄土真三轴试样破坏方式主要有侧胀破坏、锥形破坏、梯形破坏、六边形破坏;不同b值应力路经条件下黏聚力与三轴压缩条件下黏聚力的比值在0.9～1.9之间,内摩擦角比值在0.7～1.5之间。土的结构性和土体破坏方式对π平面上的强度破坏面的形状影响较大,固结围压对π平面上的强度破坏面的大小影响较大;原状Q2黄土在π平面上的强度破坏面形状主要呈现梨形和轴对称六边形;随着结构性由强到弱,π平面上的强度破坏面形状由梨形向轴对称六边形变化。     

中国煤中微量元素锡（Sn）的研究进展

锡（Sn）被认为是具有环境负效应的元素。近年来,不同地区的沉积物样品显示近几十年来地壳中的Sn明显快速上升,并认为煤炭的燃烧可能是导致环境中Sn含量增加的重要途径。锡在中国煤中的平均含量约为3.38 μg/g,略高于世界煤中Sn的均值,与上地壳的含量基本持平。由于煤中Sn的含量在10-6量级,因此,在测试过程中可以考虑选择利用ICP MS和高精度AAS结合微波消解技术对Sn进行测定。因为该元素本身在煤中含量微少,几乎不以独立的矿物相存在,因此鲜少有文献报道。但在本文中,还是提出了几种Sn在煤中的可能存在方式：锡石态、硫化物态、钽铌矿物中的类质同象、有机结合态、硅酸盐矿物中的类质同象,以及非紧密结合的可交换离子态。并以中国典型的高Sn煤层为例,分析了高Sn煤出现的可能原因。此外,当煤中Sn的赋存状态为可交换离子态与有机质结合态时,部分Sn可以在煤的开采和燃烧中迁移并进入环境,应当予以关注。     

山区道路泥石流工程防治原则与模式

绕行（避让）或穿越是道路面对泥石流灾区两种传统的处理方式。绕行就是远离灾区,穿越有从流通区或从堆积淤埋区通过两种模式。在淤埋区通过包括地上桥梁（忌用涵洞）和地下隧道两种模式。地上模式中还有从扇顶、扇腰或扇缘通过三种模式可供选择。这些原则与模式均与泥石流性质、规模和公路级别息患相关。本文对这些模式进行了对比研究,最后提出了道路泥石流工程防治的原则与模式。     

A poincaré model for the earth's fluid core

Abstract

The superconducting-gravimeter data of Melchior and Ducarme (1986) has been interpreted as internal motion in the Earth's core by Aldridge and Lumb (1987) using a Poincaré model. Several low-order modes with periods of 13–16 hours have been tentatively identified in the core which is taken to be an incompressible, homogeneous fluid within a rigid, rotating container. The identification is based on asymptotic values of the frequencies which change slowly with time while the modes decay with an e-folding time of about 280 days. The slow change in frequency with time implies a small temporal variation in the rotation rate of the core. This mean flow is a nonlinear effect often observed in laboratory experiments designed to excite Poincaré modes. Interaction among modes during free ringdown is also observed in those experiments and apparently in the data of Melchior et al. (1988) as well. Laboratory work thus provides the link to extend the Poincaré model to include viscous and nonlinear effects in order to interpret the gravimetric observations as core modes.     

北太平洋涡旋振荡研究进展

从观测事实和动力机制两方面,对近年发现的新的气候模态——北太平洋涡旋振荡（NPGO）的研究成果进行系统总结。NPGO的空间结构表现为北太平洋上海表高度异常（SSHA）的正负中心呈南北偶极子分布,当NPGO位于正位相时,南北涡流都加强,这种加强是由风应力旋度及风生涌流所驱动的。关于NPGO的机制研究发现,NPGO是中纬太...     

刚性挡土墙主动土压力颗粒流模拟

将土体离散为具有滑动连接模型的刚性条块,用颗粒流PFC2D程序数值从细观力学角度模拟了墙体平移(T)、绕墙底转动(RB)和绕墙顶转动(RT)位移模式下不同位移大小时刚性挡土主动土压力分布。模拟结果表明：刚性挡墙主动土压力非线性分布、墙土间外摩擦角和土体剪切角或内摩擦角对土压力有很大影响;墙体绕顶部转动时,大约0.3倍墙高以上的主动土压力大于静止土压力产生土拱效应;模拟计算值与模型试验实测数据吻合比较好,具有一定的理论价值。