南海的天然气水合物矿藏

讨论了南海的地形地貌特征，以及中新生代的构造运动历程，认识到中中新世之前，这里经历了一系列的构造运动，但在中国新世之中，这里无构造运动，只是发生区域沉降，由此认为南海应有丰富的天然气水合物矿藏，进而估算了南海天然气水合物的总资源达643．5亿一772．2亿t油当量。     

Hydrodynamic modeling of Changjiang Estuary: Model skill assessment and large-scale structure impacts

An unstructured grid, Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) is used to study hydrodynamics and large-scale structure impacts in Changjiang Estuary. Field measurements conducted after the construction of the large-scale channel-jetty system are used to assess numerical results. The agreements between simulated and measured water levels, depth-averaged current velocities and tidally averaged longitudinal salinity distributions are excellent, as indicated by predictive skills higher than 0.94. The predictive skills for time series of salinity show a large range, from 0.97 to 0.62, in different measurement locations. The impacts of two 50 km long jetties and tens of spurs on the estuarine circulations as well as salinity distribution are investigated using comparisons of numerical results with and without jetty structures. Results reveal that the jetty structures intensify currents in the navigation channel and generate strong shear and vortices in jetty-spur blocks, which enhance turbulent mixing and degrade salinity stratification in the channel. The large-scale structures not only affect the flow field in the northern passage, but also play an important role in redistributing freshwater runoff in the multi-channel system, resulting in estuary-scale adjustments of circulations and salinity distribution.     

北雁荡山地形对2020年“黑格比”台风暴雨影响的数值模拟

2020年第4号台风“黑格比”在浙南登陆后过境北雁荡山期间在山区引发了特大暴雨。基于中尺度数值模式WRFV4.0.2对台风进行高分辨率数值模拟,分析北雁荡山地形对此次台风暴雨的作用,并设置了升降地形敏感性试验。结果表明:数值试验较好地模拟了台风移动及特大暴雨的落区和强度,台风大风区明显不对称分布,台风登陆后第一、四象限过境山区,其东侧强偏南气流向山区输送了充足水汽。台风登陆前山区低空存在一条由台风内核拖曳出的狭长螺旋辐合带,水汽通量辐合与风场辐合相一致。台风眼墙过境时沿着降水中心的迎风坡有强烈上升运动,动力条件极好,水汽输送带由近地面向对流层低层延展,山区有零星对流单体触发加强。台风后部环流影响时在高海拔山区风速减弱、绕流激发了中尺度低涡,强降水中心迎风坡上出现持续性、停滞不动的强正涡度中心,是特大暴雨发生的主要原因。地形敏感性试验中无地形时降水减幅40%~50%,地形高度翻倍降水增幅超过60%。     

The construction of high precision geostrophic currents based on new gravity models of GOCE and satellite altimetry data

The new gravity field models of gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer(GOCE), TIM_R6 and DIR_R6, were released by the European Space Agency(ESA) in June 2019. The sixth generation of gravity models have the highest possible signal and lowest error levels compared with other GOCE-only gravity models, and the accuracy is significantly improved. This is an opportunity to build high precision geostrophic currents. The mean dynamic topography and geostrophic currents have been calculated by the 5 th(TIM_R5 and DIR_R5), 6 th(TIM_R6 and DIR_R6) release of GOCE gravity field models and ITSG-Grace2018 of GRACE gravity field model in this study. By comparison with the drifter results, the optimal filtering lengths of them have been obtained(for DIR_R5, DIR_R6, TIM_R5 and TIM_R6 models are 1° and for ITSG-Grace2018 model is 1.1°). The filtered results show that the geostrophic currents obtained by the GOCE gravity field models can better reflect detailed characteristics of ocean currents. The total geostrophic speed based on the TIM_R6 model is similar to the result of the DIR_R6 model with standard deviation(STD) of 0.320 m/s and 0.321 m/s, respectively. The STD of the total velocities are 0.333 m/s and 0.325 m/s for DIR_R5 and TIM_R5. When compared with ITSG-Grace2018 results, the STD(0.344 m/s) of total geostrophic speeds is larger than GOCE results, and the accuracy of geostrophic currents obtained by ITSG-Grace2018 is lower. And the absolute errors are mainly distributed in the areas with faster speeds, such as the Antarctic circumpolar circulation, equatorial region, Kuroshio and Gulf Stream areas. After the remove-restore technique was applied to TIM_R6 MDT, the STD of total geostrophic speeds dropped to 0.162 m/s.     

低纬高原地形对强降水过程影响的数值试验研究

在对云南2001年5月31日～6月2日的强降水过程较为真实模拟的基础上,对云南特有的地形对此次强降水过程的影响进行了对比试验.结果表明:红河河谷的喇叭口地形结构对此次云南强降水的落区和降水强度都有着不可忽视的作用,它不但能改变近地层气流的走向,而且对低层水汽通量散度分布也有一定的影响;同时,改变云南南部地形对此次强降水过程的气流走向和水汽分布也都有影响,但相对而言不如红河河谷的作用显著;而降低云南东北部地形,则使云南北部的近地层气流辐合线发生变化,它主要对此次云南北部地区的降水产生影响,但对该地区水汽输送影响不大.     

Gravity and magnetic data inversion for 3D topography of the Moho discontinuity in the northern Red Sea area, Egypt

The main goal of our study is to investigate 3D topography of the Moho boundary for the area of the northern Red Sea including Gulf of Suez and Gulf of Aqaba. For potential field data inversion we apply a new method of local corrections. The method is efficient and does not require trial-and-error forward modeling. To separate sources of gravity and magnetic field in depth, a method is suggested, based on upward and downward continuation. Both new methods are applied to isolate the contribution of the Moho interface to the total field and to find its 3D topography. At the first stage, we separate near-surface and deeper sources. According to the obtained field of shallow sources a model of the horizontal layer above the depth of 7 km is suggested, which includes a density interface between light sediments and crystalline basement. Its depressions and uplifts correspond to known geological structures. At the next stage, we isolate the effect of very deep sources (below 100 km) and sources outside the area of investigation. After subtracting this field from the total effect of deeper sources, we obtain the contribution of the Moho interface. We make inversion separately for the area of rifts (Red Sea, Gulf of Suez and Gulf of Aqaba) and for the rest of the area. In the rift area we look for the upper boundary of low-density, heated anomalous upper mantle. In the rest of the area the field is satisfied by means of topography for the interface between lower crust and normal upper mantle. Both algorithms are applied also to the magnetic field. The magnetic model of the Moho boundary is in agreement with the gravitational one.     

极地冰盖冰雷达探测技术的发展综述

分三个阶段,即早期冰雷达系统(20世纪60至80年代)、第二代冰雷达系统(20世纪8O年代至2000年)和新冰雷达系统(2ooo年之后),综述了极地冰盖冰雷达探测技术的发展。最后,展望了冰雷达探测技术未来的发展趋势。     

Numerically quantifying the relative importance of topography and buoyancy in driving groundwater flow

Both topography and buoyancy can drive groundwater flow;however,the interactions between them are still poorly understood.In this paper,the authors conduct numerical simulations of variable-density fluid flow and heat transport to quantify their relative importance.The finite element modeling experiments on a 2-D conceptual model reveal that the pattern of groundwater flow depends largely upon the relative magnitude of the flow rate due to topography alone and the flow rate due to buoyancy alone.When fluid ...     

Seismic response analysis of continuous rigid frame bridge considering canyon topography effects under incident SV waves

To evaluate the importance of the canyon topography effects on large structures, based on a rigid frame bridge across a 137-m-deep and 600-m-wide canyon, the seismic response of the canyon site is analyzed using a two-dimensional finite element model under different seismic SV waves with the assumptions of vertical incidence and oblique incidence to obtain the ground motions, which are used as the excitation input on the pier foundations of the bridge with improved large mass method. The results indicate th...     

2.5维起伏地表条件下坐标变换法直流电场数值模拟

研究起伏地表对视电阻率分布的影响是进行地形校正的基础。由于很难处理不规则边界,计算简洁且效率高的有限差分方法很少用于解决起伏地表问题。为了解决该问题,引入曲化平思想,实现了一种基于坐标变换法的起伏地表条件下的直流电场数值模拟方法。方法从传统的2.5维基本方程及边界条件出发,通过坐标变换将起伏地表问题转化为水平地表问题,并利用有限差分法求解水平地表问题,最后再通过坐标映射得到起伏地表条件下的电位和视电阻率分布。精度分析及计算实例表明：本方法实现简洁,计算误差主要集中在震源附近,整个计算区域内的平均相对误差为1.39%,计算结果满足起伏地表条件下的电位和视电阻率的分布规律。