A detection model of underwater topography with a series of SAR images acquired at different time

underwater topography is one of oceanic features detected by Synthetic Aperture Radar. Underwater topography SAR imaging mechanism shows that tidal current is the important factor for underwater topography SAR imaging. Thus under the same wind field condition, SAR images for the same area acquired at different time include different information of the underwater topography. To utilize synchronously SAR images acquired at different time for the underwater topography SAR detection and improve the precision of detection, based on the detection model of underwater topography with single SAR image and the periodicity of tidal current, a detection model of underwater topography with a series of SAR images acquired at different time is developed by combing with tide and tidal current numerical simulation. To testify the feasibility of the presented model, Taiwan Shoal located at the south outlet of Taiwan Strait is selected as study area and three SAR images are used in the underwater topography detection. The detection results are compared with the field observation data of water depth carried out by R/V Dongfanghong 2, and the errors of the detection are compared with those of the single SAR image. All comparisons show that the detection model presented in the paper improves the precision of underwater topography SAR detection, and the presented model is feasible.     

本溪复杂地形条件下三维多源SO2浓度场模拟

用差分方法求解三维大气平流扩散多源方程,模拟了本溪地区SO2浓度的时空分布。通过1999年1月19日的模拟结果与监测值对比表明:模拟结果比较准确地反映了SO2浓度的实际变化情况;由模拟计算可知,本溪地区SO2的污染很严重,且SO2浓度的时空分布有明显的日变化。10:00以前的浓度值比较大,10:00之后浓度值逐渐减小,到18:00左右浓度值又慢慢变大。     

基于明暗等深线与分层设色的海底地形立体表示方法研究

提出了一种通过明暗等深线结合分层设色的途径,在二维平面图上实现海底地貌形态三维立体表示的方法。对等深线明暗特性与分层设色方案确定的方法进行了深入的研究,建立了相应的数学模型,并给出了实例,对该方法的有效性进行了验证。     

贫困地区耕地的地形和土壤肥力特征分析与质量评价

本文利用全国1∶100万土地利用数据和1∶400万土壤肥力综合质量数据,从耕地的地形特征和土壤肥力两个角度,对贫困地区和非贫困地区的耕地自然质量进行比较研究。研究表明:贫困地区平原型、丘陵型耕地比重较低、山地型和陡坡型耕地比重较高;贫困地区耕地土壤肥力的平均水平和非贫困地区差别不大,但土壤肥力好和较好的耕地所占比重较小。本文还建立了包括地形特征和土壤肥力综合质量两个因素的耕地自然质量评价指数,从县域尺度对全国耕地自然质量进行定量评价,并发现贫困地区耕地自然质量评价指数在低值区集中的特征更为显著。     

Topographic features around Zhongshan Station,southeast of Prydz Bay

Considering the complex topographic features of the southeast of Prydz Bay where China＇s Zhongshan Station is located, three types of geomorphologic units can be identified, i.e., submarine slopes, canyons, and terrains. The major topographic features in the study area are the submarine canyon and trough system outside the calving ice front of Dalk Glacier. A 3.8 km × 80 m fissure is found on the submarine terrain at Zhongshan Anchorage, which, once triggered by geological hazards such as earthquakes and ice falls, would be a threat to the usage and maintenance of the anchorage.     

Effect of the Zagros Mountains on the spatial distribution of precipitation

In order to examine the effect of the Zagros Mountains on precipitation, first, the annual and Seasonal rainfall indices （rain days frequency, rain amount, daily rainfall intensity, and heavy rains） from 43 stations in 1995 - 2004 between the 30° N to 35° N parallels over the mountain range were analyzed. Second, the effect of the Zagros Mountains was studied through the computation of the spatial correlations between the precipitation parameters and the topographic indices （station site elevation, station mean elevation within a radius of 2.5 km, mean elevation of 9 blocks along each of the eight Cartesian directions, and the elevation differences of these 9 blocks from the station mean elevation）. The results showed that in the cold season the maximal rainfall occurs on the upper range of west slope, while in warm season it spreads over the study area. The correlations between precipitation and elevation indices were positive on the north of the stations and negative on the south of the stations, that is, the higher elevations of the stations to the north force the uplifting of the moist air masses and increase rainfall at the stations, while the lower elevations to their south lead the movement of the moist air masses to the stations. This is due to the fact that these stations or slopes are exposed to the moist air masses coming from the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf. The heavy rain days and the summer sporadic rain events do not show significant correlations with the topographic indices. The findings indicate that the Zagros Mountains intensify the cold period frontal rains especially over the west slope and block the moist air masses from entering the interior parts of the country. Moreover, these mountains play a secondary role in creating rain days. But they are very important in the production of precipitation in the area. Therefore, their absence will decrease the amount of rainfall to their west and, in return, expand the dry climates of their west and east.     

Toward development of the 4Dvar data assimilation system in the Bering Sea： reconstruction of the mean dynamic ocean topography

The Bering Sea circulation is derived as a variational inverse of hydrographic profiles（ temperature and salinity） , atmospheric climatologies and historical observation of ocean curents. The important result of this study is estimate of the mean climatological sea surface height （SSH） that can be used as a reference for satellite altimetry sea level anomaly data in the Bering Sea region. Numerical experiments reveal that, when combined with satellite altimetry, the obtained reference SSH effectively constrains a realistic reconstruction of the Amukta Pass circulation.     

一次弱天气背景下浙江局地暖区暴雨成因分析

利用多源观测资料及ERA5(0.25°×0.25°)再分析资料,对2021年6月9日夜里浙江首场梅汛期局地暖区暴雨的降水成因进行了诊断分析。结果表明:此次过程环流形势与典型梅雨完全不同,属于弱天气背景下的局地暖区暴雨;南海低压和西太平洋副热带高压之间东南气流的维持,为暴雨区提供充沛的水汽来源,925 hPa超低空偏南风急流的加强有利于低层增温增湿,不稳定层结加剧,暴雨区位于急流轴左侧;整层高湿背景及较低的自由对流高度导致的弱抬升条件就能触发对流,中高层气旋性辐合旋转加强使暴雨加强,较厚的暖云层有利于提高降水效率;地面中尺度辐合带的生成激发了初始对流,其维持和加强不断激发对流云团生成,产生列车效应,导致暴雨形成。龙门山小尺度地形有利于东南气流在迎风坡强迫抬升,对流加强,且垂直速度的发展程度与地形有较好的对应关系,地形高度越高,激发的垂直速度越强。