Effects on bedload transport of experimental removal of woody debris from a forest gravel-bed stream

Experimental removal of woody debris from a small, gravel-bed stream in a forested area resulted in a four-fold increase in bedload transport at bankfull discharge. This was caused by increased transportability of sediment previously stored upslope of debris buttresses or in low-energy hydraulic environments related to debris. Bank erosion delivered additional sediment to the channel, and transport energy was increased by an inferred increase in the component of total boundary shear stress affecting grains on the bed. Increased transport following debris removal in May 1987 continued throughout the entire autumn storm season through late November 1987, indicating persistent adjustment of the stream bed and banks despite marked response to earlier flows as large as bankfull. Stream bed adjustments included development of a semi-regular sequence of alternate bars and pools, many of which were spaced independently of former pool locations.     

Modelling of high amplitude internal waves integrating the primitive (Navier–Stokes) equations

In this paper we use an industrial Navier–Stokes (NS) solver to model high amplitude internal waves. The model simulates a fluid with a shallow upper layer with linear stratification and a deep lower layer with constant density, relevant to conditions in the ocean at several locations. Waves are generated by trapping a volume of light water behind a gate in one end of the numerical wave tank. The velocity and vorticity fields predicted by the model agree well with experiment. The high amplitude waves produced by the NS solver experience an upper bound on the velocity and a broadening in agreement with experiment. These effects have not previously been captured by theoretical models.     

Uniformly Redundant Arrays

Uniformly Redundant Arrays (URA's) are two–dimensional binary arrays with constant sidelobes of their periodic autocorrelation function. They are widely agreed upon to be optimum mask patterns for coded aperture imaging, particularly in imaging systems with a cyclic coded mask. In this paper, a survey of all currently known construction methods for URA's is given and the sizes and open fractions of the arrays resulting from each construction method are pointed out. Alternatives to URA's for situations in which a URA does not exist, are discussed.     

土体参数对大直径空心桩承载性状影响的仿真分析

借助MARC软件,系统分析了桩周土体c、值及土体模量E值对大直径空心桩承载力的影响,分析表明E值是影响 大直径桩承载力的主要因素。文章进一步分析了桩端土体模量E对Se值(桩端沉降与桩顶沉降之比)及对桩身轴力曲线的影 响。通过与实测结果比较,证明所建模型合理。     

SH固土剂在遗址土中的渗透注浆扩散规律

风化是中国西北地区土遗址最常见的病害之一。土遗址防风化方法主要是表面喷洒和钻孔注浆。通过对不同干密度重塑土样的钻孔注浆试验,来寻找改性聚乙烯醇（SH）固土剂扩散规律,建立了SH固土剂渗透范围模型——旋转抛物体,解释了产生该渗透现象的原因,并通过计算得到了SH固土剂渗透加固土体体积以及渗透范围内SH的固含量,确定了土遗址中含该固含量的SH固土剂足以对其产生防风化的作用。利用Image J图像分析软件对SEM照片进行处理,获得了不同干密度条件下孔隙分布、孔隙分形维数和平均Feret直径。研究发现,随着干密度增大,土体渗透性减弱,其主要原因是中、大孔隙被压缩成微、小孔隙,并建议将SH固土剂渗透注浆应用于平均Feret直径大于4.98 ?m的土体。最后通过多元线性回归的方法发现,注浆量对渗透半径影响最大,其次是平均Feret直径,孔径的影响最小。     

一种新的INSAR干涉条纹图滤波方法

干涉条纹图滤波是合成孔径雷达干涉测量处理中不可缺少的重要环节.对干涉条纹图滤波的一个重要要求是在有效抑制噪声的同时尽可能地保持条纹的跳变纹理信息.在分析干涉条纹图一阶差分的分布性质和三种当前最常用干涉条纹图滤波的算法的优缺点的基础上,提出基于椭圆方程的干涉条纹方向检测方法,并基于此推导了基于误差方程的用于表述不同方向的像素与滤波窗口中心像素的相关关系的加权模型,以此加权模型修正窗口均值滤波和圆周期均值滤波,得到新的保边缘的滤波器.接着分析了新滤波器的计算复杂度和不同权函数对滤波结果的影响.以此新的椭圆加权的保边缘滤波器处理了河北尚义地区的ERS-1/2合成孔径雷达数据,证明了本文提出的新滤波算法具有噪声抑制效果好,边缘信息保持能力强,计算速度快和可灵活配置等优点.     

Operational performance of current synthetic aperture radar sensors in mapping soil surface characteristics in agricultural environments: application to hydrological and erosion modelling

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors are often used to characterize the surface of bare soils in agricultural environments. They enable the soil moisture and roughness to be estimated with constraints linked to the configurations of the sensors (polarization, incidence angle and radar wavelength). These key soil characteristics are necessary for different applications, such as hydrology and risk prediction. This article reviews the potential of currently operational SAR sensors and those planned for the near future to characterize soil surface as a function of users' needs. It details what it is possible to achieve in terms of mapping soil moisture and roughness by specifying optimal radar configurations and the precision associated with the estimation of soil surface characteristics. The summary carried out for the present article shows that mapping soil moisture is optimal with SAR sensors at low incidence angles (<35 ). This configuration, which enables an estimated moisture accuracy greater than 6% is possible several times a month taking into account all the current and future sensors. Concerning soil roughness, it is best mapped using three classes (smooth, moderately rough, and rough). Such mapping requires high‐incidence data, which is possible with certain current sensors (RADARSAT‐1 and ASAR both in band C). When L‐band sensors (ALOS) become available, this mapping accuracy should improve because the sensitivity of the radar signal to Soil Surface Characteristics (SSC) increases with wavelength. Finally, the polarimetric mode of certain imminent sensors (ALOS, RADARSAT‐2, TerraSAR‐X, etc.), and the possibility of acquiring data at very high spatial resolution (metre scale), offer great potential in terms of improving the quality of SSC mapping. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于小波和线矩的实孔径雷达图像与TM图像的匹配

为了充分利用多源遥感信息,常常需要解决不同传感器图像之间的匹配问题。为此,本文初步探讨了一种基于小波边缘检测与线矩描述的实孔径雷达图像与ＴＭ图像的匹配算法。实验结果表明：如果搜索窗口内存在较丰富的特征,该算法可以获得满意的结果。     

卫星雷达干涉测量原理与应用

本文综述卫星雷达干涉测量和差分干涉测量的基本原理及其应用。文章从比较雷达干涉测量与一般航测遥感的基本差别出发 ,介绍各种干涉模式下的雷达干涉测量原理、差分干涉测量原理和数据处理流程。在简要叙述雷达干涉测量应用领域后 ,重点列出 INSAR在地形测量、火山地形测量和 D- INSAR在地形沉降监测中的应用。最后 ,本文还探讨了存在的问题和应用前景。     

时滞区间大系统鲁棒稳定性分析的遗传算法实现

研究了时滞区间大系统的鲁棒稳定性分析问题 ,给出了相应的理论结果。并应用遗传算法 ,给出了相应的实现算法和数值仿真结果