Fast algorithm for maneuvering target detection in SAR imagery based on gridding and fusion of texture features

Designing detection algorithms with high efficiency for Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) imagery is essential for the operator SAR Automatic Target Recognition(ATR) system.This work abandons the detection strategy of visiting every pixel in SAR imagery as done in many traditional detection algorithms,and introduces the gridding and fusion idea of different texture fea-tures to realize fast target detection.It first grids the original SAR imagery,yielding a set of grids to be classified into clutter grids and target grids,and then calculates the texture features in each grid.By fusing the calculation results,the target grids containing potential maneuvering targets are determined.The dual threshold segmentation technique is imposed on target grids to obtain the regions of interest.The fused texture features,including local statistics features and Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix(GLCM),are investigated.The efficiency and superiority of our proposed algorithm were tested and verified by comparing with existing fast de-tection algorithms using real SAR data.The results obtained from the experiments indicate the promising practical application val-ue of our study.     

Application of a Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian approach on geomechanical problems involving large deformations

Geotechnical boundary value problems involving large deformations are often difficult to solve using the classical finite element method. Large mesh distortions and contact problems can occur due to the large deformations such that a convergent solution cannot be achieved. Since Abaqus, Version 6.8, a new Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) approach has been developed to overcome the difficulties with regard to finite element method and large deformation analyses. This new method is investigated regarding its capabilities. First, a benchmark test, a strip footing problem is investigated and compared to analytical solutions and results of comparable finite element analyses. This benchmark test shows that CEL is well suited to deal with problems which cannot be fully solved using FEM. In further applications the CEL approach is applied to more complex geotechnical boundary value problems. First, the installation of a pile into subsoil is simulated. The pile is jacked into the ground and the results received from these analyses are compared to results of classical finite element simulations. A second case study is the simulation of a ship running aground at an embankment. The results of the CEL simulation are compared to in situ measurement data. Finally, the capabilities of the new CEL approach are evaluated regarding its robustness and efficiency.     

云南大理苦橄岩的Re-Os同位素特征:对峨眉山大火成岩省成因的制约

云南大理苦橄岩产出于峨眉山大火成岩省内带,位于峨眉山玄武岩系底部.岩石具斑状结构,斑晶占20％～40％左右,由自形-半自形的橄榄石和单斜辉石组成;基质约占60％ ～ 80％,主要由长条状斜长石和颗粒状单斜辉石组成,辉绿结构;含少量尖晶石.绝大部分样品全岩SiO2低于47％,为45.94％～46.37％(1个样品达47.35％),MgO大于18％,介于19.01％～23.77％之间,Na2O+ K2O低于2％,介于1.52％～1.97％之间,具典型苦橄岩的岩相学和岩石化学特征.全岩Re含量变化范围较小,介于0.349×10-9～0.424×10-9之间;Os含量变化范围较大,介于0.889×10-9～4.276×10-9之间;187Re/188Os=0.437±0.012 ～2.708±0.025,187Os/188Os =0.1283±0.0002～0.1354±0.0004;从中分选出的橄榄石的Re、Os含量分别为0.030×10-9～0.049×10-9、0.625×10-9～0.757×10-9,1s7Re/188Os =0.191±0.038 ～0.377±0.062,187Os/188 Os=0.1254±0.0005 ～ 0.1268±0.0005,均低于全岩;尖晶石的Os含量最高,为80.5×10-9,187Os/188 Os最低,为0.1252±0.0003.经质量平衡计算,基质的187Os/188Os比值介于0.1380 ～0.1415之间,与原始上地幔相比,基质的Re-Os同位素组成具有壳层熔岩的特点,而橄榄石和尖晶石具有熔融残留相的特点,基质的γOs大于0,介于+2.0～ +3.28之间,矿物的γOs均小于O,介于-2.01～-2.59之间,显示明显的亏损特征,无核-幔边界源区信息,而全岩的介于-1.11～ -3.24之间,为基质和斑晶及尖晶石的混合结果,推测峨眉山大火成岩省是壳-幔相互作用的产物.     

大型内陆拗陷湖盆层序结构充填特征及其分布规律——以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组为例

近年来层序地层学的发展为我们进行盆地分析提供了新思路,应用沉积学和高分辨率层序地层研究方法,将盆地晚三叠世延长组划分出4个长期、22个中期基准面旋回。整个盆地在延长期的"沉积-层序-构造"演化史表现为:LSC1构造初始沉降、湖泊形成:LSC2湖盆快速坳陷,晚期湖泊进入鼎盛期;进入LSC3,盆地周缘构造趋于稳定、盆地开始填平补齐期,湖泊开始充填淤浅; LSC4期河流沉积作用增强,盆地进入超补偿沉积阶段,湖泊被淤塞并进入残余湖泊沉积期。提出并定义了层序结构动力学概念,认为层序结构动力学是在研究层序充填过程中由于构造运动、海平面变化、物源供给、气候、沉积作用等因素控制影响层序结构发育特征及其分布规律的一门学科。在对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组层序地层综合划分基础上,根据一个基准面变化周期中所形成的层序结构变化特征,将层序结构划分出5种基本层序结构单元类型,即A型、B1型、B2型、B3型和C型等5种。针对对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组不同地理位置、不同沉积体系单元具体分析了层序充填结构特征、结构类型、层序充填动力学过程,层序结构发育类型及充填过程,探讨了大型内陆拗陷盆地层序结构动力学特征。首次提出了"层序结构分布律",建立了鄂尔多斯盆地延长组大型内陆拗陷湖盆层序结构分布模式,认为在没有重大构造事件、突发沉积事件发生的情况下,只有那些相邻的层序结构类型才能相互重叠地分布。     

Numerical analysis of a cylinder moving through rate-dependent undrained soil

Geo-hazard assessment of the potential damage to a pipeline caused by a submarine landslide requires a quantitative model to evaluate the impact forces on the pipeline. In contrast with typical geotechnical problems, the strain rate within the fast moving, flow-like submarine landslide is typically far higher, which will lead to enhancement of the soil strength and therefore result in larger impact forces. Generally, there are two possible predictive frameworks for strain-rate dependence: a fluid dynamics framework and a geotechnical framework. By comparison of common rheological models adopted in these two different approaches, a unified additive power-law model, a normalised form of the Herschel-Bulkley model from fluid mechanics, is explored in this paper. This model has been used in conjunction with a large deformation finite element approach to investigate the undrained limiting loads on a cylinder moving steadily through inertia-less soft rate-dependent material, in order to quantify the strain-rate effects.The flow mechanism and the effects of the shear-thinning index and Oldroyd number on the shear zones are explored. The calculated resistance factors are compared with the drag coefficients obtained from computational fluid dynamics analysis. The average rate of strain experienced by the soil flowing past the cylinder is estimated for a given flow velocity and an expression in the form of a conventional bearing capacity equation, but with shear strength linked directly to the normalised flow velocity, is proposed to predict the magnitude of the viscous force exerted by the debris flow.     

哥斯达黎加地震起源计划——IODP334航次介绍

2011年3月13日至4月13日哥斯达黎加地震起源计划IODP334航次在中美洲哥斯达黎加俯冲带大陆边缘斜坡带实施。该航次的主要科学目标是研究俯冲剥蚀控制的俯冲带大地震的聚集和破裂过程。在1个月的钻探时间内,总共在4个站位、8个钻孔中获得1492．88m的岩芯,获得许多中新世到现代的火山灰层,初步确定上覆板块内沉积物和...     

叠前时间偏移的偏移孔径与采集孔径关系分析

叠前时间偏移是复杂构造成像有效的偏移方法之一,它能适应纵横向速度变化较大、倾角较大的偏移成像.影响偏移成像效果的主要因素是偏移孔径和偏移速度.偏移孔径过小,偏移剖面将损失陡倾角的同相轴;偏移孔径过大,会降低资料的偏移质量.虽然偏移孔径同野外采集孔径是完全不同的概念,但偏移孔径是受采集孔径约束的,采集孔径不够时,给再大的...     

2000—05—11河南强对流天气过程分析

对2000－05－11河南省出现的雷雨大风、冰雹天气的影响系统、稳定度参数、高空风切变、3θ曲线、云中负温区、雷达回波特征分析结果表明：下滑槽及西路冷空气为强对流天气提供了动力条件；低层高温、高湿及低层暖平流、高层冷平流，为强对流提供了层结条件；高空风的垂直切变有利于对流天气的加强和维持。强对流天气在速度场上表现为中尺度辐合线、风向风速辐合区、风速辐合区、大风区等中尺度系统。     

In-flight measurement of the absolute energy scale of the Fermi Large Area Telescope

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on-board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is a pair-conversion telescope designed to survey the gamma-ray sky from 20 MeV to several hundreds of GeV. In this energy band there are no astronomical sources with sufficiently well known and sharp spectral features to allow an absolute calibration of the LAT energy scale. However, the geomagnetic cutoff in the cosmic ray electron-plus-positron (CRE) spectrum in low Earth orbit does provide such a spectral feature. The energy and spectral shape of this cutoff can be calculated with the aid of a numerical code tracing charged particles in the Earth’s magnetic field. By comparing the cutoff value with that measured by the LAT in different geomagnetic positions, we have obtained several calibration points between ∼6 and ∼13 GeV with an estimated uncertainty of ∼2%. An energy calibration with such high accuracy reduces the systematic uncertainty in LAT measurements of, for example, the spectral cutoff in the emission from gamma ray pulsars.     

Large deformation elastic electro-osmosis consolidation of clays

This paper presents the theoretical background of an elastic electro-osmosis consolidation model for saturated soils experiencing large strains, which considers volumetric strains induced by changes in both the hydraulic and electric driven pore water flows. Three fully coupled governing equations, considering the soil mechanical behaviour, pore water transport and electrical field, and their numerical implementation within an updated Lagrangian finite element formulation, are presented. The proposed model is first verified against a classical one-dimensional analytical solution for electro-osmosis consolidation to demonstrate its accuracy and efficiency. Then, various numerical examples are investigated to study the deformation characteristics and time dependent evolution of excess pore pressure. Finally, the importance of considering large strains in a consistent and proper way is demonstrated, and differences compared to models based on small strain theory are highlighted.