INFLUENCE OF TIBETAN PLATEAU ON AIR-SEA INTERACTION OVER TROPICAL PACIFIC IN OCEAN-ATMOSPHERIC COUPLED SYSTEM*

A hybrid coupled ocean-atmosphere model is designed,which consists of a global atmospheric general circulation model(L9R15 AGCM)and a simple ocean model(ZC ocean model over tropical Pacific).Using the model,experimental predictions are performed for the 1986/87 El Nino event and the 1988/89 La Nina event with and without the Tibetan Plateau respectively(called TP FORC and NTP FORC hereinafter).It is found as follows:(1)The coupled system can successfully predict the El Nino or La Nina event even if the Tibetan Plateau orography is not included in the model.The patterns of SSTA and wind anomalies in the model without the Tibetan Plateau are similar to those with the Tibetan Plateau,which further verifies the fact that ENSO process is mainly caused by the air-sea interaction in tropical Pacific.(2)However.the existence of the Tibetan Plateau exerts its influences on the intensity and duration of El Nino(or La Nina).It is unfavorable to the development and maintenance of westerly anomalies,so to some extent,restrains the development of El Nino,but favors the development of La Nina.(3)Effects of the Tibetan Plateau orography on the wind anomalies in the coupled system are different from those inuncoupled AGCM simulation.     

A STUDY OF CLIMATOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF FLOW FIELD AND HEAT EXCHANGE ON TROPICAL PACIFIC SURFACE IN THE EL NINO AND LA NINA EVENTS

In this paper, based on the 2°× 2° grid data COADS from 1950—1987 the flow field and heatexchange anomalies on the tropical (11°S—11°N, 120°E—80°W) Pacific surface (TPS) are studiedin El Nino and La Nina events. During E1 Nino, the zonal pressure gradient and the trade windsdecrease on the TPS, the tropical convergence strengthens on the TPS, especially on the centralTPS, the sensible and latent heat exchanges increase, the net longwave radiation and incident solarradiation decrease and the net gain (loss) of heat reduces (increases) on the central and easternTPS. During La Nina the results turn out the contrary. Finally, two feedback mechanisms whichinclude the dynamic, thermal and hydrological processes during E1 Nino and La Nina are summa-rized and a conceptive model for El Nino-La Nina cycle is given.     

大气环流模式对ENSO时间尺度风应力距平的模拟

通过与观测作比较。评估低分辨率的大气环流模式模拟的风场，模式风场是使用观测海温场外强迫，从１９７９年到１９８８年共积分十年得到的，模式输出为月平均值。结果表明，模式能够相当真实地模拟出风距平场的演变，用风应力距平强迫简单模式，积分十年（１９７９－１９８８），得到的海温距平场（月平均值）和观测海温距平场作比较，模式结果较真实地模拟了１９８２－１９８３年及１９８６／１９８７年暖事件的赤道地区海温距平场     

赤道太平洋次表层海水温度异常的信号通道

应用热带太平洋上层XBT温度资料,分析探讨了西太平洋暖池区次表层海温冷暖异常信号的变化规律,揭示了影响西太平洋暖池区次表层海温冷变异常的信号通道。分析表明,西太平洋暖池区的次表层海温异常变冷与太平洋北赤道流的海温冷异常信号西传有重要关系。北赤道流的海温异常冷(暖)信号是沿温跃层由赤道中东太平洋潜沉向西太平洋暖池区传播,与西太平洋次表层海温异常(冷)暖信号向赤道中东太平洋传播构成了热带海洋信号的气旋式"环流通道"。在这一"环流通道"中,北赤道流的海温异常信号西传是导致西太平洋暖池区及西太平洋次表层海温异常的重要机制,是影响厄尔尼诺(ElNino)和拉尼娜(LaNina)事件发生的关键。     

Argiles et zéolites dans l'altération d'un volcan bouclier en milieu tropical (Le Piton des Neiges,La Réunion)

The drilling of a gallery through the Roche-Écrite massif (Reunion Island) allowed to sample the old formations of the ‘Piton des Neiges’ volcano. The mineralogical study of the alteration products of the formations showed significant variations of the zeolites/clay minerals ratio depending on the location of the rocks in the volcano. The abundance of zeolites in the formation near the surface hydrographic network or the underground water drainage system seems to be due to the physicochemical processes favouring zeolites in more open systems in their competition with secondary clays. To cite this article: L. Bret et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

太平洋海面粗糙度的计算及在ENSO期间的变化

利用TOPEX高度计风速资料,实现了对太平洋海面粗糙度(z0)的计算。1997~1999年正是厄尔尼诺与拉尼娜事件发生时期,作者研究了1997~1999年z0在ENSO期间的变化后发现:(1)EI Nion发生期间赤道附近z0最大值在A,C,B 3个站点上移动;最小值在B,A 2个站点上移动。(2)Li Nina发生期间赤道附近z0最小值在A站点,最大值主要在B站点上。Li Nina发生期间,1999年15个站点z0均大于正常年份和EI Nion发生期间的15个站点z0。(3)ENSO期间,四季z0与正常年份相比都有显著改变。     

2018年1月中国东部季风区降雪异常的特征及原因

2018年1月中国东部季风区发生异常的降雪分布及局地的雨雪冰冻灾害。在分析东部季风区降雪时空分布特征的基础上,模拟典型站点的气团移动轨迹,并利用OLR数据研究水汽源区变化及输送过程对降雪异常的影响。结果表明:1月降雪主要分布在黄河以南地区,降雪范围内呈现出降雪量由南向北降低的规律,且降雪持续时间减小;西北方向西风带混合输送与南向水汽源区及近源局地水汽循环是降雪区主要的水汽来源,随着水汽移动轨迹的变化,降雪的空间分布也随之改变;水汽源区的变化状况通过对水汽输送通量及路径的改变,进而决定着东部季风区降雪量与时空分布特征,2018年1月水汽源区表现出明显La Nina年特征,并与气团的移动轨迹相吻合,La Nina事件应是导致降雪异常的深层次原因。     

Appendicularian assemblages and their space–time variability off the La Plata River,SW Atlantic Ocean

Among tunicates, the small planktonic appendicularians generally comprise a significant fraction of the mesozooplankton of estuarine environments. However, no spatio-temporal studies nor estimation of some ecological parameters such as biomass or pellet production of these organisms have been previously reported in La Plata River estuary. We studied the species composition and abundance as well as biomass and pellet production, associated with the river plume variations using data collected during seven spring (October) cruises. Approximately 80 samples were collected in each cruise with a Pairovet net (200 μm mesh size) trawled vertically through the water column; CTD data profiles were also recorded. Three transects at the north, middle and south of the estuary were performed in order to compare the environmental gradients to the species distribution. The river's discharges varied between years and it was reflected on the salinity distribution. The salinity was the main factor driving species composition. Oikopleura dioica, Oikopleura fusiformis and Fritillaria borealis were found, O. dioica being the dominant one. We detected that O. fusiformis was more abundant in stratified waters between salinities of 31 and 33 mainly during 1994, 1995 and 1996. Fritillaria borealis was found only in salinities higher than 33 and in homogenous waters being more abundant in 1995. This year was singular in the sense that no river plume was observed at the middle transect, as it is shown by the homogenous salinity profiles. Oikopleura dioica was present in stratified waters at all salinity ranges. In 1993, it was more abundant at low salinities with temperatures between 12 and 16 °C and a predominance of juvenile animals was observed. The contribution in biomass and pellet production of O. dioica in the stratified waters of this front was very high (27.91–66.58 g C m⁻² d⁻¹) revealing their importance in the estuary's carbon cycle.     

200O～2001年冬季北半球大气环流变化对渤海气候及海冰的影响

本文通过对2000－2001年冬季（12－2月）大气环流特征的分析，尤其关于东亚大气活动中心的位置，强度的不同会造成渤海海域气候与冰情的差异，表明由于乌拉尔山和北太平洋两大高压脊的变化，造成亚洲极涡与东亚大槽的加强和减弱，并对渤海气温变化和海冰生消的影响起着直接作用。此外，分析还表明，前期拉尼娜现象可能是造成气候变化的重要原因之一。