设计企业电子资料管理与企业知识管理初探

本文阐述了设计企业对电子资料管理平台建设的认识和需求,以及电子资料库的建设和利用给企业知识积累带来的积极应用效果。     

基于知识工程师的崇明岛东滩自然保护区盐沼植被分类研究

以崇明东滩自然保护区盐沼植被为研究对象,利用Landsat TM遥感图像,结合现场调查和前人关于东滩时空动态变化的研究结果,确定崇明岛东滩主要分布的盐沼植被类型,提出了基于知识工程师的植被分类方法。与常规非监督和监督分类相比,该方法的精度较高,总体精度为92.35%,kappa系数为0.9072,而非监督分类和监督分类(最大似然法)的总体精度分别为86.92%和89.10%。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地对研究区植被进行分类与识别,可为实现盐沼植被的自动提取提供理论依据和有效的方法途径。     

基于CiteSpace国内干旱遥感监测的知识图谱分析

利用CiteSpace软件对1995—2017年中国知网的"SCI来源期刊"、"EI来源期刊"、"核心期刊"以及"CSSCI来源期刊"数据库中有关干旱遥感监测研究的642篇文献进行可视化分析得到知识图谱。结果表明:国内经历了传统基于站点的干旱监测、小范围的干旱遥感监测试验到大范围干旱遥感监测及应用三个阶段;干旱遥感监测主要从"干旱监测"、"遥感监测"、"温度植被干旱指数"、"土壤湿度"、"地表温度"以及"归一化植被指数"等方向展开;王鹏新、张树誉、张强等是主要的发文作者;中国科学院、中国气象局、中国农业大学等是主要的发文机构。基于多源信息的干旱综合监测模型、大范围干旱监测评估、预警以及决策支持系统、干旱遥感监测技术在社会服务方面的应用以及加强国内学者与机构之间的交流合作是未来国内干旱监测研究几个重要方面。     

Relational networks of knowledge production in transnational law firms

For geographers, debates surrounding the knowledge economy have reinvigorated interest in the geographies of learning and knowledge production. Particularly topical are discussions of the possibility of spatially stretched (global) learning, something especially relevant to professional service firms where the production and management of knowledge across transnational organizational networks is essential. Taking this as its starting point, the paper explores the way knowledge is produced and circulated in transnational legal professional service firms. Drawing on the ideas of relational economic geography to analyse original empirical material, it highlights the way relational networks are socially constructed to allow learning to be stretched across space. The paper then goes on to identify the ‘politics’ of inclusion in these networks and the exclusivity of membership. It also highlights the geographies of power that influence the nature and effect of the knowledge produced and circulated. It does this by examining the role of relational knowledge networks in the ‘Americanization’ of legal practice in Europe and the impacts of such changes on national institutional and regulatory contexts. It is, therefore, argued that transnational corporate networks need to be viewed as heterogeneous and ‘embedded spaces of social practice’. It is shown that studying the actors and their interactions across relational networks is vital to fully understand how global relational forms are constructed and to understand their structuring effects on the global economy.     

Catchment contrasts: Comparing young people’s experiences and knowledge of a river environment

Early geographies focussed on children have recorded their environmental and spatial perceptions. Contemporary theoretical and methodological advances in, and beyond, children’s geographies have supported a more complex engagement with environmental topics. Complementing this work, a study of young people’s experience and knowledge of a river in southern New Zealand is presented. Data were gathered from four contrasting locations within one, 5650 sq. km, catchment, employing child-oriented, multi-method approaches. Data analysis confirms existing literature highlighting how young people are competent knowledge producers with varying experiences and understandings. Some of this variation can be appreciated by focussing on factors of age, gender and catchment location. Together these findings are relevant to both academic and planning circles and implications for young people’s participation in catchment management are noted as a key area for further development of work of this kind.     

‘Imagineering’ Asian emerging markets: Financial knowledge networks in the fund management industry

This paper examines knowledge production networks in the fund management industry. Focusing on Asian emerging markets (EMs), I explore how fund managers, brokers and research analysts utilise a combination of texts, analytical structures, codified procedures, and social networks to generate interpretations and perspectives on Asian EMs. Utilising a process-based approach, I investigate how ‘EMs’ as an investment category is imagined and practiced by those in the fund management industry through knowledge networks and how such networks are produced and maintained. Discussions are drawn from interviews conducted with 22 EMs specialists in Singapore and London. I argue that Asian EMs have distinct characteristics that are acted upon and reproduced by finance workers in particular ways and that the acquisition and transfer of tacit knowledge takes on increased significance when codified knowledge structures are lacking. Actors in Singapore and London are also embedded in different knowledge networks, which offer different strategic advantages but, when taken together, form a complex and multi-layered knowledge production network of ‘imagineering’ Asian EMs from both within and outside of Asia.     

西部开发与“数字地球”

我国实施西部开发战略,是采取以科技为先导,以信息产业为突破口,使之避免和减少对资源掠夺性开发,减少对环境污染,实现资源与经济的可持续发展。“数字地球”在这方面可以发挥巨大的作用。西部开发还必需放在全球变化、东亚大陆时空变迁规律的大环境中,从整体环境和地球大气圈、水圈、固体圈各因子相互作用和耦合过程的角度考虑。而“数字地球”正是具有独特的全球化宏观性,将地球作为一个有机整体来研究。因此,西部开发应充分运用当代“数字地球”这一先进技术群为西部社会、经济和环境的提高发挥更大的作用。使西部信息资源通过智力资本的投入,成为快速增值的知识资产.     

灾害地貌专家系统的结构设计

灾害地貌专家系统采用压缩编码方式存贮各种地学专题图形和遥感图象数据,具有数据与图象的存贮更新、查询检索、分析处理、图象显示和自动制图功能。该系统可以对灾害地貌过程进行专家级的预测和评价,并对灾害地貌的综合治理与区域规划提出几种可行性方案供用户选择。用该系统对天山职拉沟流域泥石流灾害地貌进行了试验研究,并对试验结果进行了系统评价。     

Geographical imbalances and divides in the scientific production of climate change knowledge

Studies on scientific production of climate change knowledge show a geographical bias against the developing and more vulnerable regions of the world. If there is limited knowledge exchange between regions, this may deepen global knowledge divides and, thus, potentially hamper adaptive capacities. Consequently, there is a need to further understand this bias, and, particularly, link it with the exchange of knowledge across borders. We use a world-wide geographical distribution of author affiliations in >15,000 scientific climate change publications to show that (1) research production mainly takes place in richer, institutionally well-developed countries with cooler climates and high climate footprints, and (2) the network of author affiliations is structured into distinct modules of countries with strong common research interests, but with little knowledge exchange between modules. These modules are determined mainly by geographical proximity, common climates, and similar political and economic characteristics. This indicates that political-economic, social and educational-scientific initiatives targeted to enhance local research production and collaborations across geographical-climate module borders may help diminish global knowledge divides. We argue that this could strengthen adaptive capacity in the most vulnerable regions of the world.