工程物探在我国的发展前景

本文介绍了地矿部１９９６年度工程物探的技术进步和综合应用,指出工程物探在我国具有良好的发展前景。     

知识经济时代我国测绘产业面临的挑战与对策

我国正处在由传统经济向知识经济转变的重要时期,信息化、知识化已成为当今世界经济发展的主要方向。我国测绘产业面临知识经济的挑战和机遇,应当加强人才资源、信息资源的开发和利用,加快数字化、网络化、集成化、智能化建设,逐步实现由传统测绘产业向地理信息产业的转变,为我国国民经济信息化建设提供坚实的基础。     

中国二叠纪生物礁的研究现状及新进展

对我国二叠纪生物礁的类型、演化规律及研究方法进行了系统的总结。按造礁生物种类的不同可将二叠纪生物礁分为珊瑚礁和海绵礁;按古地理位置的不同可分为岸礁、台地边缘礁及点礁。生物礁研究的方法包括传统方法、结合成岩作用的方法、定量地层学方法、地球化学方法及地球物理方法等。最后对东昆仑地区最新发现的生物礁作了简单的介绍。     

弱环境流场中台风运动的若干问题

概述弱环境流场中台风运动研究的若进展，包括对称结构理论，非线性作用强迫影响和准均匀流理论等４个方面，并初步讨论了理论结果的应用前景。     

An experiment on the elevation accuracy improvement of photogrammetrically derived DEM

This paper focuses on a topic barely considered in the literature: how to improve the accuracy of a given Digital Elevation Model (DEM) irrespective of its lineage by identifying its most suspicious values (also denoted here as outliers). Methods tailored to a specific procedure and source (contour maps, remote sensing image, etc.) exist but they are not valid for other cases. This is a problem for both the producer and end user. The results of a comparison of two methods using six DEMs intended to be representative of different landscapes are reported here. Both methods have been applied to each DEM, producing a number of height candidates to be analysed. Assuming that all candidates are wrong, their elevations have been blindly replaced by interpolated heights, simulating the behaviour of the inexperienced user. The improved (or degraded) DEMs are then compared against the ground truth, and updated accuracy figures are calculated. The RMSE can diminish by 2 to 8% of the original value by changing less than 1% of the elevations in the dataset.     

用基于知识的决策树方法分层提取矿区土地类型——以湖北大冶为例

以湖北大冶为研究区,采用多时相陆地卫星遥感图像,通过不同波段组合,以及ironoxide指数和归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)等,详细分析了各地表地物光谱特征和空间特征,建立了研究区分类知识库表,采用决策二叉树法进行分类,得到了高精度分类结果图。基于不同时相分类结果的变化检测,通过对研究区水体污染、矿区复垦、耕地变化等分析,认为从1986～2002年,研究区水质虽有一定改善,但矿区植被退化严重,耕地大量减少,停产矿区复垦仅为20%,为合理保护矿区生态环境和科学管理采矿企业提供了有用资料。     

Strong growth in weakly-developed networks: Producer-user interaction and knowledge brokers in the Greater Shanghai chemical industry

This paper investigates the developing spatial and social division of labor in the Greater Shanghai chemical industry. This industry experienced strong growth after the Asian financial crisis, when policy support was extended beyond “new economy” industries to include traditional manufacturing sectors. Based on a conceptualization that emphasizes the role of producer-user networks and interactive learning as a basis for ongoing innovation and business success, an explorative study was designed to investigate the supplier and customer linkages in different locations of the Greater Shanghai region. The results suggest that inter-firm networks are not extensive and often involve limited producer-user interaction. Important chemical firms in the region concentrate on business with their established international customer basis, use state-controlled distribution channels or rely on intermediaries that act as knowledge brokers. Neither of these practices of market interaction includes intensive information exchange and feedback on products, customer experience and demand changes. As such, these practices do not provide a sound basis for self-sustained growth or innovation in the future. The paper concludes that regional policy needs to support the establishment of combined “bonding” and “bridging” relations between chemical producers and their user industries.     

交互式智能型地层倾角测井精细构造解释技术

交互式智能型精细构造解释系统利用工作越丰富的图形及交互功能,采用交互式模式识别及矢量滤波准确确定组合矢量模式,提取构造信息,计算构造解释参数;根据专家经验、地区知识和倾角模式理论所建立的知识库进行的交互式精细构造解释和分析解决了倾角测井构造解释的多解性问题,保证倾角解释的正确性;最终可绘制出井周各方位的构造剖面图和构造等值线图．在塔里木盆地的应用表明,该方法所得到的结果具有良好的一致性和可靠性,并充分显示了它独有的精细构造描述特点．     

Soil salinization research in China: Advances and prospects

With the environmental deterioration caused by the advance of climate change, soil salinization is a serious and growing global problem. Currently about 7% of the world＇s land surface is threatened by salinization. China is a country whose soils are severely affected by this problem, which, due to its extensive area, and wide distribution poses a serious threat to regional agricultural development. In this review, we summarize the framework for soil salinization research in China over the past 70 years, assess the weaknesses of existing research in both a domestic and international context, highlight the trends and key findings of global research about saline soils over the past 30 years, and propose six major fields and directions for future research on saline soil.     

云南"十五"区域地质调查取得丰硕成果

“十五”期间承担区域地质调查项目七项18个图幅。地层古生物、区域岩石及地质构造、地质灾害、矿产资源及旅游地学等方面取得较多的新成果和新认识。提交地质图及地质报告外,还提交专题研究成果7份,以测区所收集的地质资料为基础编写硕士论文7篇,公开发表文章7篇,从而极大地提高了云南及西藏基础地质的研究程度和水平。