The incorporation of traditional knowledge into Alaska federal fisheries management

Fisheries policy and management processes for federal waters off western Alaska currently lack consistent and considered integration of traditional knowledge (TK), TK holders, social science of TK, and subsistence information. The incorporation of these into fisheries work can lead to more informed, equitable and effective policy and management practices. This paper includes information and recommendations derived from previous work by the authors as well as from two community workshops with indigenous TK holders and fisheries experts. Discussions of TK and related concepts, TK research in the Bering Strait and Yukon River regions, and Alaska federal fisheries management-related institutions and processes as pertains to TK are presented. Substantive recommendations are provided for improving processes, increasing tribal representation, capacity building, effective communication, outreach and relationship-building, the incorporation of indigenous concerns and values, and regarding the development of a Fisheries Ecosystem Plan for the Bering Sea.     

水科学研究进展

根据我国公开出版发行的20多种与水有关的科技期刊1995～1998年刊登的关于水科学研究的论文,回顾和评述了近4年来我国在水科学研究,特别是基础研究和应用基础研究方面取得的成果和主要进展。认为研究成果是丰硕的,但各领域发展不平衡;与国际研究前沿仍有相当差距,特别是在不同尺度水文循环及其界面过程方面研究较为薄弱。     

Q矢量及其在天气诊断分析中应用研究的进展

对Ｑ矢量的理论研究的动态及其主要应用结果作了综合评述,并对该领域的研究前景作了一定的展望。     

水文随机模拟进展

综述了近20年来水文随机模拟的新进展,包括三方面:①随机水文模型改进和创新;②水文随机模拟应用研究新进展;③水文随机模拟认识新进展。并指出了今后的研究重点:①对水文过程的重要物理特性和统计特性作深入的分析;②加强非参数模型和非线性模型的研究;③加强流域系统随机模型的研究;④加强建立模型时如何综合利用多种信息的研究;⑤加强模型的各种检验和合理分析。     

防震减灾科普需求和满意度调查指标设计及结果分析

本文针对2020年全国公众防震减灾科普满意度调查工作,设计了防震减灾科普公众接触率、受众收获评价、公众满意度和需求等指标,量化衡量防震减灾科普在公众中的触达现状、公众的收获评价、反馈评价和需求.调查结果显示,公众与防震减灾科普的接触较普遍,受众收获评价和满意度评价总体得分较高.防震减灾科普公众接触率在不同城乡、年龄、学...     

南岭地区矿产资源形势分析和找矿方向研究

南岭地区地质工作程度较高,但近20年来地质找矿与科研工作投入不足,导致南岭地区一些优势矿产储量消耗过快,影响到矿业的可持续发展。近年来,南岭地区芙蓉锡矿等一批新矿产地和八仙脑式破碎带蚀变岩型钨矿等一批新矿床类型的发现,充分说明,只要认真开展成矿预测研究,配合地质找矿实践,在南岭地区取得找矿突破的可能性并不亚于西部地区。因此,目前迫切需要加强对南岭地区成矿规律的深入研究,尤其是加强矿床成矿系列、成矿体系、成矿物质来源及其超常规富集成矿机制、大型超大型矿床与矿集区、常规优势矿产与非优势矿产之间相关关系等方面的创新性研究与探索,为危机矿山“探边摸底”和新矿产地的发现提供理论指导和科学依据。     

酸性气体对混凝土耐久性的影响及研究进展

归纳认为酸性气体对混凝土腐蚀主要有三方面：碳化作用、硫酸盐的腐蚀和酸腐蚀；并通过几个典型实验及实地样品检测简要介绍了国内外迄今为止的主要实验研究手段及重要的实验研究成果；还介绍了目前研制出的用于腐蚀速度预测的两个数学表达式和两个较典型的数值模拟模型（Mehta整体模型及Saetta有限元模型）；最后概述这方面研究所需的主要的测试手段和应该采取的各种有效预防措施。最后认为虽然酸性气体或酸雨对混凝土的腐蚀研究取得一些进展，但该领域的研究尚属起步阶段，在腐蚀程度的评价、硫酸盐的应力腐蚀、腐蚀速度预测模型研究等方面还十分欠缺。建议尽快加强这些方面的研究。     

Implementing a knowledge system: Lessons from the global stewardship of climate services

Knowledge systems are mechanisms that can drive climate adaptation through the pursuits of enhancing resource sharing, collaboration, and learning, while at the same time helping to develop trust and credibility among individuals and intuitions. While these goals are widely discussed, less is known about the activities and strategies that knowledge systems undertake to achieve these goals. We analyze the Global Framework of Climate Services (GFCS) as a knowledge system organized around the translation of weather and climate information for decision-making. The GFCS brings together the World Meteorological Organization, national meteorological and hydrological services, and some of the world’s largest multilateral scientific, humanitarian, and development organizations. Our analysis draws on key informant interviews, focus groups conducted in African countries, and an online survey of GFCS participants. We describe the main activities pursued by the GFCS that shaped the vision of climate services, built capacity in national climate adaptation, and created connections among diverse actors and organizations worldwide. We show how these activities generated tensions about the purpose of the GFCS and how influence among the knowledge system was distributed. Based on our results, we illustrate new ways to conceptualize the strategies of knowledge systems, which we describe as (1) theorizing the norms of practice and mechanisms of change, (2) legitimizing actors, and (3) managing knowledge. These strategies identify pathways for, and pitfalls to, a knowledge system’s pursuit of its goals, providing guidance to managers of knowledge systems and an analytical framework to evaluate their impacts.     

深海热液喷口生物群落的研究进展

深海热液喷口生物群落并不依赖光合作用获取能量,它们是一类独特的生物类型,其食物链的基础是化学合成细菌,这些细菌依靠喷口热液中的还原无机物氧化．利用CO。合成有机碳,它们共生于大个体动物的软组织或绍中,向寄主提供生存必需的有机碳。地质时期古热液喷口生物群落的研究还表明,该类生物群落在古生代（可能更早）即已出现。此外,现代热液喷口与古热液喷口生物群落的比较研究,在探索该生物群落乃至早期生命的起源、演化方面也取得了可喜进展。     

Input of Glaciomarine Sediments along the East Antarctic Continental Margin; Depositional Processes on the Cosmonaut Sea Continental Slope and Rise and a Regional Acoustic Stratigraphic Correlation from 40° W to 80° E

Multichannel seismic reflection data from the Cosmonaut Sea margin of East Antarctica have been interpreted in terms of depositional processes in the continental slope and rise area. A major sediment lens is present below the upper continental rise along the entire Cosmonaut Sea margin. The lens probably consists of sediments supplied from the shelf and slope, being constantly reworked by westward flowing bottom currents, which redeposited the sediments into a large scale drift deposit prior to the main glaciogenic input along the margin. High-relief semicircular or elongated depositional structures are also found on the upper continental rise stratigraphically above the regional sediment lens, and were deposited by the combined influence of downslope and alongslope sediment transport. On the lower continental rise, large-scale sediment bodies extend perpendicular to the continental margin and were deposited as a result of downslope turbidity transport and westward flowing bottom currents after initiation of glacigenic input to the slope and rise. We compare the seismostratigraphic signatures along the continental margin segments of the adjacent Riiser Larsen Sea, the Weddell Sea and the Prydz Bay/Cooperation Sea, focussing on indications that may be interpreted as a preglacial-glaciomarine transition in the depositional environment. We suggest that earliest glaciogenic input to the continental slope and rise occurred in the Prydz Bay and possibly in the Weddell Sea. At a later stage, an intensification of the oceanic circulation pattern occurred, resulting in the deposition of the regional plastered drift deposit along the Cosmonaut Sea margin, as well as the initiation of large drift deposits in the Cooperation Sea. At an even later stage, possibly in the middle Miocene, glacial advances across the continental shelf were initiated along the Cosmonaut Sea and the Riiser Larsen Sea continental margins.