基于DBSCAN算法的北京市顺丰快递服务设施集群识别与空间特征分析

电子商务跨越式发展为快递物流行业注入了新鲜血液促使国民经济达到新的增站点,服务网点作为连接快递企业和用户之间的桥梁纽带,逐渐成为城市地理和物流地理的重要研究对象。本文以北京市顺丰快递服务网点为研究对象,首次将DBSCAN聚类算法和无人值守的智能快递柜引入城市物流快递行业研究中,综合使用核密度分析、Ripley's K函数等空间点模式分析方法,定量对比分析有人值守的合作网点和无人值守的智能快递柜两类顺丰快递服务网点的空间布局、集聚特征及影响因素。结果表明：① 基于密度的DBSCAN聚类算法能够快速有效地识别出任意形状的快递服务网点集群,算法识别出24个智能快递柜集群,14个合作网点集群;② 顺丰快递服务网点高密度区主要集中在人口密度大、经济繁华、交通便利的居住区和包含热门商圈的职住区附近,如双井、金融街、三里屯、学院路等;③ 合作网点和智能快递柜两类服务网点均呈集聚性分布,但集聚规模各不相同,具体表现为快递柜集聚规模明显大于合作网点,而集聚强度却小于合作网点;④ 智能快递柜集群密度大,服务半径小,更倾向服务于步行可达范围内的居住小区;合作网点集群密度小,服务半径大,服务对象随服务半径扩展至周边各大职区,对交通可达性的要求更高。⑤ 顺丰快递服务网点布局是地区经济水平、人口规模、交通状况、土地利用类型及城市功能区定位等多种因素综合作用的结果。     

Compositional and geochemical characteristics of light hydrocarbons for typical marine oils and typical coal-generated oils in China

Different types of crude oils have different light hydrocarbon compositional and geochemical characteristics. Based on the light hydrocarbon data from two kinds of oils, i.e., coal-generated oils and marine oils in China, light hydrocarbons in marine oils in the Tazhong area are generally relatively enriched in n-heptane, and coal-generated oils from the Turpan Basin are enriched in methylcyclohexane. The K1 values, reported by Mango （1987）, range from 0.97 to 1.19 in marine oils, basically consistent with what was reported by Mango on light hydrocarbons in terms of the majority of the crude oil data. But the K1 values of coal-generated oils are particularly high （1.35-1.66） and far greater than those of marine oils; heptane values in marine oils, ranging from 32.3% to 45.4%, and isoheptane values, ranging from 1.9 to 3.7, are respectively higher than those of coal-generated oils, indicating that the oils are in the high-maturity stage. In addition, expulsion temperatures of coal-generated oils from the Turpan Basin are obviously lower than those of marine oils from the Tazhong area.     

乌拉山金矿钾长石的标型性及其与金矿化关系

在对乌拉山石英－钾长石脉型这一国内外尚不多见的新类型金矿床的野外观察和室内镜下研究的基础上，通过选择性地对其主要矿物钾长石进行电子探针分析，Ｘ射线粉晶衍射分析，红２外吸收光谱测定及可见光吸收光谱分析，系统详尽地了钾长石的产状，形态，化学成分，结构态及可见光吸收光谱特征，提取了作为找寻石英－钾长石脉型金矿床的重要矿物学标志，并进一步探讨了钾长石与金矿化的关系。     

西北太平洋迅速加强热带气旋的统计特征和识别预报试验

利用2000—2014年热带气旋(TC)最佳路径、最终分析资料和静止卫星红外云顶亮温(TBB)资料,对比分析了西北太平洋(WNP),以及南海(SCS)的迅速加强(RI),与非迅速加强(non-RI)TC样本的环境背景和TBB统计特征,其中non-RI样本细分为不同的强度变化率即:缓慢加强(SI),强度稳定、缓慢减弱和迅速减弱等。结果表明,相对于SI,WNP海域的RI样本处于海表温度较高、海洋上层热容量较大、最大可能强度较大、高层辐散较强、风垂直切变(VWS)较弱和高层纬向风(U200)偏东分量较大等环境背景条件下;SCS海域的RI样本较易发生在VWS较弱的环境背景条件下。此外,相对于non-RI,支持RI发展的有利条件还包括中低层相对湿度较大、高层环境温度较低等。RI样本通常具备的TBB特征为TC内核的对流云覆盖率较大、TBB平均值相对较小。采用K最近邻分类算法进行RI预报试验,交叉检验结果表明,该方法对RI样本有一定的识别预报能力,RI样本概括率达到74.2%,技巧评分达到0.717。     

苏州三维城市地质信息管理与服务系统框架与应用

基于Map GIS K9-TDE平台,以数据库技术、GIS技术、3D地质建模与可视化技术、计算机网络技术综合构建了集城市地理、基础地质、水工环地质、地质灾害、物化遥等多专业、多源数据融合与管理、可视化分析、模型评价及辅助决策功能于一体的城市地质信息管理与服务系统,为专业技术人员和管理者提供综合化、智能化的计算机工作平台,实现城市地质工作更好地服务于政府及社会的宗旨。     

基于MapGIS K9三维数字校园虚拟系统的设计与实现

近年来,数字校园继数字地球、数字城市之后成为各高校研究的热点,三维数字校园虚拟系统构建平台多样、方法多元,却鲜有基于国内自主产权的MapGIS K9数字校园系统。因此,本文以某农业大学(南校区)为研究对象,对三维数字校园虚拟系统进行设计与实现。利用南方CASS、3DS Max、MapGIS K9及其他相关软件,通过资料收集整理、地理信息测量采集、建立1:500校园数字地形图、建立属性数据库、三维建模、多平台融合、交互式设计等一系列步骤,实现了某农业大学(南校区)三维数字校园虚拟系统的三维可视化和信息查询、测距、校园导航、自由路径游览、漫游视频录制的交互式功能,可以有效进行校园建筑属性信息查询与部分管理。     

Enabling point pattern analysis on spatial big data using cloud computing: optimizing and accelerating Ripley’s K function

Performing point pattern analysis using Ripley’s K function on point events of large size is computationally intensive as it involves massive point-wise comparisons, time-consuming edge effect correction weights calculation, and a large number of simulations. This article presented two strategies to optimize the algorithm for point pattern analysis using Ripley’s K function and utilized cloud computing to further accelerate the optimized algorithm. The first optimization sorted the points on their x and y coordinates and thus narrowed the scope of searching for neighboring points down to a rectangular area around each point in estimating K function. Using the actual study area in computing edge effect correction weights is essential to estimate an unbiased K function, but is very computationally intensive if the study area is of complex shape. The second optimization reused the previously computed weights to avoid repeating expensive weights calculation. The optimized algorithm was then parallelized using Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP) and hybrid Message Passing Interface (MPI)/OpenMP on the cloud computing platform. Performance testing showed that the optimizations effectively accelerated point pattern analysis using K function by a factor of 8 using both the sequential version and the OpenMP-parallel version of the optimized algorithm. While the OpenMP-based parallelization achieved good scalability with respect to the number of CPU cores utilized and the problem size, the hybrid MPI/OpenMP-based parallelization significantly shortened the time for estimating K function and performing simulations by utilizing computing resources on multiple computing nodes. Computational challenge imposed by point pattern analysis tasks on point events of large size involving a large number of simulations can be addressed by utilizing elastic, distributed cloud resources.     

Klobuchar电离层模型精化进展

电离层延迟是卫星导航定位的重要误差源之一。采用合适的电离层延迟模型可以有效地减弱电离层延迟误差对定位结果的影响。目前在导航定位中运用最广泛的是Klobuchar模型,但Klobuchar模型的修正率只有50%~60%。为了满足日益增长的导航定位精度的需求,不同的精化模型被提出。本文介绍了Klobuchar模型在GPS和BDS系统中的应用,比较了在两个系统应用时的差异。回顾概括了文献在Klobuchar模型的参数精化和模型精化两个方面的研究,并对各种精化模型进行了对比总结。模型精化的结果优于参数精化,未来对于Klobuchar模型的精化更趋向于模型精化。     

Investigation and comparison of one-dimensional (1-D) analytical models prediction for salt intrusion condition in two selected estuaries

Abstract

In this paper, two analytical models used worldwide to assess salinity variation in alluvial estuaries are applied to the Ashtamudi estuary, a Ramsar site, southwest coast of India; and Bouregreg estuary, in northwest part of Morocco. The estuaries’ bathymetry is described by an exponential function. Both models are quite similar and use a predictive equation for the dispersion in the estuary mouth (D₀). The major difference between the two models is the use of the constant value of K?=?0.5 for the Van der Burgh coefficient (K) and the introduction of the correction factor ζ, which is a function of damping (δ) and shape (γ). The performance of these two models was evaluated by comparing their results with field measurements; this revealed that both analytical models apply well to both the estimation of salinity distribution and the prediction of salt intrusion in the Ashtamudi and Bouregreg estuaries (Ashtamudi: RMSE = 0.60–1.22 ppt; Bouregreg: RMSE = 0.92–2.71 ppt). One model agrees more with the field measurements of salinity distribution along the estuaries axis; the second underestimate and overestimate some values of salinity distribution along the estuaries. Possibly, the constant value of K?=?0.5 for the Van der Burgh coefficient (K) has applicability limits for the estuaries under tidal conditions. The specifying of the parameterization may be a field of research.     

云贵高原红土性风化壳定年对象--锰结核的基础研究

以野外剖面调查为基础，结合物理学、地球化学、矿物学和同位素年代学手段和方法，对云贵高原红土性风化壳中可资定年的对象——锰结核的产出状态、内部构造、地球化学特征、矿物组成及锰结核全岩的^40K／^40Ar定年进行了探索性研究，为解决我国风化壳的发育年龄奠定基础。研究结果表明：锰结核的形成晚于其赋存介质(风化壳)的生成；在风化壳中，锰结核的内部构造以(准)同心圆状构造为主；结核形成过程中发生了MnO和Fe2O3的富集，其中以MnO的富集较为显著；并且Fe、Mn分布具有较明显的负相关关系；锰结核中K2O含量明显高于CaO、MgO及Na2O，但K和Mn不存在明确的相关关系；结核中次生锰氧化物的主要存在形式为锰钡矿；锰结核的全岩^40K／^40Ar定年结果是一混合年龄，其不具有明确的地质意义；造成这一结果的主要原因在于锰结核是由不同时期、多种矿物构成的复杂集合体。