黄土高原上两次低空东北急流大暴雨的诊断分析

通过对黄土高原上两次没有低空西南急流参与的区域性大暴雨的分析，发现低空东北急流在两次暴雨中份演了主要角色，因此，称这类暴雨为东北急流暴雨，与西南急流对比分析后认为，两种急流有很大同，东北急流具有自己的特点。文章最后给出了东北急流暴雨的三股气流模式。     

The 1.5–5-day eastward waves in the upper stratosphere–mesosphere as observed by the Esrange meteor radar and the SABER instrument

Data of neutral meridional wind obtained by the meteor radar at Esrange and data of temperature and pressure measured by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on board the Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) spacecraft were studied with respect to a day-to-day atmospheric variability with periods ranging from 1.5 to 5 days. The detailed analysis was carried out for February 2004. Perturbations of the atmospheric parameters at the examined periods appeared mainly as eastward-propagating waves of zonal wavenumbers 1 and 2. We suggested that these waves excited by the jet instability on both flanks of the polar-night jet in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere interact nonlinearly with each other, and this interaction generates secondary waves. The radar observed both primary and secondary waves at mesospheric heights. The data analysis supports this suggestion. Under conditions of weaker instability observed in February 2003 the perturbations of atmospheric parameters of periods ranging from 1.5 to 5 days had smaller amplitudes at heights of the mesosphere than those in February 2004. It was found that the Eliassen-Palm fluxes calculated for the waves generated by the jet instability were mainly downward directed. This result suggests a possible dynamical influence of the mesospheric layers on the lower atmospheric levels.     

塔里木河水质盐化及改善途径

塔里木河在1958年前是一条淡水河,河水的矿化度在各段及不同季节均未超过1.0g/L,现全河段各月平均矿化度除8月洪水季节<1.0g/L,其余各月都在1.0g/L以上。上游阿拉尔水文站平均每年有5个月为1～3g/L,4个月为3～5g/L,2个月超过5g/L,最高5月份达到6.3g/L.阿拉尔的淡水所占比例不足年平均径流量的35%.下游卡拉全部为微咸水。造成塔里木河水矿化度升高的原因,除气候干旱、蒸发强烈、土壤含盐量高等自然因素外,主要是灌溉、排水不合理,上游三条主要支流灌溉引水增加,使补给干流的淡水资源量由1960年前的50.0亿m3减少到1990年后的42.0亿m3;与此同时大量农田排水泄入塔里木河,每年带入盐量达467.4万t.要改善塔里木河水质,必须减少农田排水泄入,实行咸、淡分流,退耕还林;并在源流区适度开发地下水,使三源流向塔里木河输水量每年不少于46.0亿m3。     

高山峡谷区快速评价找矿靶区的化探方法技术

根据在滇西燕子洞矿段的化探方法技术试验研究结果 ,将水化学测量作为高山峡谷区靶区三级查证的方法 ,并对常规水系沉积物测量、土壤测量的工作方法进行了调整。试点测量结果表明 ,找矿效果良好 ,工作效率大幅度提高     

高空急流入口区次级环流在一次突发性强降水过程中的作用

通过对 1999年秋季一次突发性降水过程高空急流的分析 ,发现急流入口区南侧辐散 ,其低层辐合上升 ,当低层有印缅槽活动的时候 ,对流加强 ,印缅槽发展 ;急流入口区北侧辐合 ,其低层辐散下沉 ,有向南的非地转风     

THE STUDY OF STORM RAINFALL CAUSED BY INTERACTION BETWEEN THE NON-ZONAL HIGH LEVEL JET STREAK AND TYPHOON IN THE DISTANCE

In this paper, statistics were analyzed concerning correlation between the storm rainfall far from typhoon and non-zonal upper-level jet stream. The results show that the jet stream at 200 hPa is constantly SW (90.2 %) during the period in which storm rainfall occurs. Rainfall area lies in the right rear regions of the jet axes. While the storm intensifies, the jet tends to be stronger and turn non-zonal. With the MM4 model, numerical simulation and diagnosis were carried out for Typhoon No.9711 (Winnie) on August 19 to 20, 1997. The distant storm rainfall is tightly correlative to the jet and low-level typhoon trough. The divergence field of jet is related to the v component. The upper level can cause the allobaric wind convergence at low level. This is the result of the form of low-level typhoon trough and the strength of the storm. By scale analysis, it is found that there is a branch of middle scale transverse inverse circulation in the right entrance regions behind the jet below the 300-hPa level, which is very important to the maintenance and strengthening of storm rainfall. This branch of inverse circulation is relative to the reinforcement of jet's non-zonal characteristics. From the field of mesoscale divergence field and non-zonal wind field, we know that the stronger symmetry caused by transverse circulation in the two sides of the jet, rainfall’s feedback and reinforcement of jet’s non-zonal characteristics had lead to positive feedback mechanism that was favorable of storm rainfall’s strengthening.     

The impact of resolution on the accuracy of hydrologic data derived from DEMs

1 Introduction Automated extraction of drainage features from DEMs is an effective alternative to the tedious manual mapping from topographic maps. The derived hydrologic characteristics include stream-channel networks, delineation of catchment boundaries, catchment area, catchment length, stream-channel long profiles and stream order etc. Other important characteristics of river catchments, such as the stream-channel density, stream-channel bifurcation ratios, stream-channel order, number…     

上黑龙江植被覆盖区水系沉积物金异常评价

研究区位于上黑龙江断陷和额尔古纳隆起两个次级构造单元。受断裂构造和岩浆活动的影响 ,Au在岩浆岩、变质岩、沉积岩、火山岩区分布及分配不均匀 ,变化趋势为沉积岩 >变质岩>火山岩 >岩浆岩。Au在水系沉积物中以化学作用形式搬运迁移 ,一般距离为 80 0～ 16 0 0m。金异常产出明显受断裂控制 ,并与燕山期岩浆活动密切相关。异常下限为 3 0× 10 - 9,是Au低背景值区。根据金异常地化特征、地质环境 ,采取水系加密法和土壤剖面法 ,结合路线地质调查 ,查证金异常的存在和追索金异常源     

胜利油区孤岛油田馆上段沉积模式研究

根据结构单元、岩石粒度分析、河流形态参数等特征,对比Miall的 16种河流分类方案,胜利油区孤岛油田馆上段属于细粒曲流河沉积。其中洪泛平原细粒 (FF)、决口扇 (CS)和侧向加积砂坝 (LA)结构单元发育,其次是天然堤(LV)和决口水道 (CR)结构单元。河流曲率P大于 2.2,河道宽度 10 0～ 30 0m,河流曲率波长 10 0 0～ 1770m。河流可能临近河口湾,海平面的波动影响着砂体的发育。     

新疆岩石·岩屑·水系沉积物元素背景平均值

论证了中国丰度及地壳表层物质成分研究的必要性和重要性，利用区域地球化学勘查所提供的高精度分析数据，经严格统计计算，发表新疆地区其一级构造单元表层岩石、岩屑、水系沉积物的39种元素背景平均值。