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101.
102.
从地球化学角度出发,对钱塘江流域的物质平衡关系及起控制作用的化学风化反应进行了探讨和计算。结果表明,降雨提供了河水中大部分的K~+、Na~+和SO~2-_4。另外,灰岩地区碳酸钙的溶解反应提供了河水中大部分的Ca~2+和HCO~-_3,硅酸盐岩地区钠长石和黑云母生成高岭石的风化反应提供了剩余的K~+、Na~+、H_4SiO_4和大部分的Mg~2+及少量的HCO~-_3。石膏和白云石的风化反应控制了SO~2-_4和Mg~2+的平衡,其中碳酸钙的溶解反应占主导地位。流域的化学侵蚀率和机械剥蚀率分别为0.022和0.071(kg·m-2·a-1),碳酸盐岩区的物质流出量是硅酸盐岩区的2倍。 相似文献
103.
1986年和1987年秋季西太平洋赤道附近海域的辐射状况 总被引:2,自引:5,他引:2
本文利用1986和1987年秋季在西太平洋赤道海域取得的短期辐射资料,分析了这一特定海域的辐射状况。揭示了所在海域太阳辐射的一些特征。这对了解该海域海气界面上的热状况以及它对所在海域天气气候的影响无疑都有帮助。 相似文献
104.
B. H. Briz-Kishore 《Journal of Earth System Science》1984,93(4):413-422
A digital model was designed and developed to study the water balance situation in a typical hardrock environment near Hyderabad,
Andhra Pradesh. The model was calibrated over a period of six years with observed field hydrographs. An optimum error factor
of 0.001 m was chosen and the computer took 47 iterations for outputting the results with the desired accuracy. Prognostic
studies were carried out with progressively increasing draft conditions and water levels were observed to be declining even
when the draft was less than the recharge. The analysis of the experiments further amended the belief of the earlier workers. 相似文献
105.
农桐间作地热量平衡和水分利用状况研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
由实测资料系统分析了农桐间作地热量平衡各分量复杂的时空变化特征。结果表明:间作内外蒸发耗热(LE)仍是主要耗热项,湍流耗热(H)低于LE,但高于土壤热通量(Q);间作地各分量小于对照,但LE、Q占净辐射(Rn)比值高于对照;泡桐林带对各分量的影响与间作结构及测点位置有关。然后计算了间作中小麦、棉花水分利用率(WUE),其值与作物类型,生长期等因子有关,且间作地高于对照。 相似文献
106.
John D. Zambakas 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1982,120(4):691-697
A recently developed data presentation technique, the rectangular wind frequency isopleth diagram, has been applied to examine the effect of wind speed and direction, acting simultaneously, on ambient air negative ion densities. The large negative ion concentration decreases in the majority of directions and wind speed intervals, while that of the small ions increases, as the wind speed increases. The local maxima and minima, occurring in some sectors, are properly discussed. 相似文献
107.
108.
Hydrodynamical Modeling Of Oceanic Vortices 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xavier Carton 《Surveys in Geophysics》2001,22(3):179-263
Mesoscale coherent vortices are numerous in the ocean.Though they possess various structures in temperature and salinity,they are all long-lived, fairly intense and mostly circular. Thephysical variable which best describes the rotation and the density anomaly associated with coherent vortices is potential vorticity. It is diagnostically related to velocity and pressure, when the vortex is stationary. Stationary vortices can be monopolar (circular or elliptical) or multipolar; their stability analysis shows thattransitions between the various stationary shapes are possible when they become unstable. But stable vortices can also undergo unsteady evolutions when perturbed by environmental effects, likelarge-scale shear or strain fields, -effect or topography. Changes in vortex shapes can also result from vortex interactions. such as the pairing, merger or vertical alignment of two vortices, which depend on their relative polarities and depths. Such interactions transfer energy and enstrophy between scales, and are essential in two-dimensional and in geostrophic turbulence. Finally, in relation with the observations, we describe a few mechanisms of vortex generation. 相似文献
109.
绿洲荒漠交界处波文比能量平衡法适用性的气候学分析 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
对广泛使用的计算蒸散和显热通量的气候学方法-波文比能量平衡法在绿洲荒漠交界处的适用性从气候学角度进行分析。结果表明,波文化-能量平衡法在干旱区绿洲的平衡层内是适用的,在平衡层外及荒漠上空却失效。因而,应用波文比能量平衡法估算绿洲上的蒸发与显热时,测点的位置是至关重要的。 相似文献
110.
A non-hydrostatic numerical model, the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), has been used to investigate the development of katabatic jumps in Coats Land, Antarctica. In the control run with a 5 m s-1downslope directed initial wind, a katabatic jump develops near the foot of the idealized slope. The jump is manifested as a rapid deceleration of the downslope flow and a change from supercritical to subcritical flow, in a hydraulic sense, i.e., the Froude number (Fr) of the flow changes from Fr > 1 to Fr> 1. Results from sensitivity experiments show that an increase in the upstream flow rate strengthens the jump, while an increase in the downstream inversion-layer depth results in a retreat of the jump. Hydraulic theory and Bernoulli's theorem have been used to explain the surface pressure change across the jump. It is found that hydraulic theory always underestimates the surface pressure change, while Bernoulli's theorem provides a satisfactory estimation. An analysis of the downs balance for the katabatic jump indicates that the important forces are those related to the pressure gradient, advection and, to a lesser extent, the turbulent momentum divergence. The development of katabatic jumps can be divided into two phases. In phase I, the t gradient force is nearly balanced by advection, while in phase II, the pressure gradient force is counterbalanced by turbulent momentum divergence. The upslope pressure gradient force associated with a pool of cold air over the ice shelf facilitates the formation of the katabatic jump. 相似文献