全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1621篇 |
免费 | 312篇 |
国内免费 | 546篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 29篇 |
大气科学 | 653篇 |
地球物理 | 565篇 |
地质学 | 371篇 |
海洋学 | 471篇 |
天文学 | 71篇 |
综合类 | 62篇 |
自然地理 | 257篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 10篇 |
2023年 | 16篇 |
2022年 | 35篇 |
2021年 | 54篇 |
2020年 | 82篇 |
2019年 | 93篇 |
2018年 | 69篇 |
2017年 | 112篇 |
2016年 | 87篇 |
2015年 | 97篇 |
2014年 | 136篇 |
2013年 | 185篇 |
2012年 | 105篇 |
2011年 | 104篇 |
2010年 | 88篇 |
2009年 | 141篇 |
2008年 | 120篇 |
2007年 | 115篇 |
2006年 | 113篇 |
2005年 | 95篇 |
2004年 | 96篇 |
2003年 | 72篇 |
2002年 | 67篇 |
2001年 | 54篇 |
2000年 | 59篇 |
1999年 | 44篇 |
1998年 | 53篇 |
1997年 | 36篇 |
1996年 | 31篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 24篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2479条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
161.
Laminar sheetflows, transporting sediment at their capacity rates, both with and without rainfall disturbance, were investigated. Values of flow depth and relative submergence were very small. In the flows without rainfall, measured velocities exceeded the predictions of the smooth-surface, clear-water laminar model by an average of 12 per cent. Reduced flow resistance due to high sediment concentrations may explain this result. Velocities in the rainfall-disturbed flows were not significantly different from the predictions of the smooth-surface, clear-water model, and the velocity reduction due to rainfall was about 12 per cent. Although the uniformity of rainfall intensity under the single-nozzle rainfall simulator is high, variation of momentum and kinetic energy fluxes along the 1-5 m long flume was significant. The rainfall angle of incidence was highly correlated with deviations from expected flow velocities in the upper and lower sections of the flume. 相似文献
162.
近30年来中国气候的干湿变化 总被引:27,自引:1,他引:27
本文利用1951—1980年的月平均温度,计算了中国各地水分需要量。根据水分需要量和降水量大小,将我国划分成潮湿、湿润、半湿润、半干燥和干燥5类气候区;并对这5个气候区1950年前后各30年时段的气候干湿状况进行讨论;此外还对影响气候干湿变化的重要因子,我国近30年来的降水进行了分析。 近3O多年来,各气候区的降水及气候状况呈现了不同的变化:潮湿和湿润气候区50年代降水较多,60年代降水偏少,70年代降水呈多变态;半湿润和半干燥气候区50年代至60年代中期为多雨时段,1965年始,降水偏少,处于少雨阶段, 相似文献
163.
In the first part of this project, the extent to which moisture content of alluvial soils could be predicted from imagery derived from an airborne thematic mapper (ATM) was investigated. From sampling done on the same day as the flight, it was found that digital numbers derived from the thermal channel (waveband 11) were strongly correlated with gravimetric moisture content. From sampling three fields of contrasting land cover, the relationship between waveband 11 values and moisture content was found to be independent of land cover type. Spatial variation in waveband 11 values and thus moisture content were related to palaeochannel patterns on the alluvial land. This was investigated by deriving variograms for long transects from each of the three investigated fields. The range and sills of the variograms are shown to express the nature and pattern of palaeochannels. By the application of such geostatistical techniques, high resolution imagery can thus be used to quantify palaeochannel characteristics on alluvial land. 相似文献
164.
热带太平洋海表温度年际变化对降水季节内振荡的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
根据 1982—1992年期间的日平均 MSU(Spencer, 1993)海洋降水和 5天平均的CMAP(Xie& Arkin, 1997)降水观测资料,分析了热带太平洋大气季节内振荡(MJO)的年际变化特征。在太平洋海表温度(SST)年际变化的正常年份(1982—83年, 1986—88年, 1991—92年),均有明显的MJO信号传到日界线以东并在中、东太平洋维持数月。热带MJO活动强度的年际变化与局地SST的变化存在正相关。中、东太平洋降水的季节内振荡的年际变化与热带太平洋SST的最强正相关在Nino3区附近。以观测SST场强迫CCM3大气模式的数值试验基本上真实地再现了11年期间热带太平洋降水季节内振荡的年际变化总趋势,但模拟季节内振荡的强度较观测平均偏弱。对比分别采用周平均和月平均SST强迫场的积分结果,发现在中、东太平洋,二个积分模拟的降水季节内振荡强度的年际变化接近并且趋势与观测基本一致,而在西太平洋二个积分的模拟结果差别较大。这表明在热带中、东太平洋,SST强迫的年际变化对MJO强度的变化有强的制约。而在MJO总体活跃的热带西太平洋,SST强迫场的季节变化对模拟MJO活动也有较大影响。CCM3模拟 相似文献
165.
Prospects for forecasting climate variability over the tropical Indian Ocean sector, specifically extreme positive events of the Indian Dipole Mode (IDM), with lead times of a season or more are investigated using the NASA Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction Project (NSIPP) coupled-model system. The coupled system presents biases in its climatology over the Indian Ocean sector, which include (i) warmest sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) occurring in the central equatorial basin rather than on the eastside with the eastern (western) tropical SSTs up to 1 °C too cool (warm), (ii) a too northwest lying InterTropical Convergence Zonal over the ocean in boreal fall, (iii) a thermocline shallower (deeper) than observed west of Sumatra-Java (north of Madagascar), (iv) a delay of about a month in the onset (cessation) of the southwest (southeast) monsoon in the west (east) in boreal spring (fall). These biases affect the effectiveness of the SST-clouds-shortwave radiation negative feedback, the sensitivity of SST to wind-stress perturbations, and the character of equatorial coupled ocean-atmosphere modes. Despite these biases, ensemble hindcasts of the SST anomalies averaged over the eastern and western poles of the IDM for the decade 1993–2002, which included extreme positive events in 1994 and 1997/1998, are encouragingly good at 3-months lead. The onset of the 1997/1998-event is delayed by about a month, though the peak and decay are correctly timed. At 6-months lead-time, the forecast at the eastern pole deteriorates with either positive or negative false alarms generated each boreal fall. The forecast at the western pole remains good. 相似文献
166.
This article addresses a new reserve estimation method which uses fuzzy modeling algorithms and estimates the reserve parameters
based on spatial variability. The proposed fuzzy modeling approach has three stages: (1) Structure identification and preliminary
clustering, (2) Variogram analysis, and (3) Clustering based rule system. A new clustering index approach and a new spatial
measure function (point semimadogram) are proposed in the paper. The developed methodology uses spatial variability in each
step and takes the fuzzy rules from input-output data. The model has been tested using both simulated and real data sets.
The performance evaluation indicates that the new methodology can be applied in reserve estimation and similar modeling problems 相似文献
167.
Measurements of topsoil magnetic susceptibility are often used for quick assessment of soil contamination of anthropogenic
origin, with heavy metals or other pollutants. However, because of complicated correlations between low-field magnetic susceptibility
(shortened to magnetic susceptibility) of topsoil and soil pollution, the outcome of a field magnetometry survey can not be
related directly to soil pollution. For each case study, the results should be interpreted on their own taking into account
not only the type of pollution but also pedogenic, biogenic and environmental factors. In practice, it is very difficult to
measure and consider all these factors. Here we illustrate the merit of geostatistical methods, which are focused on the spatial
variability of a phenomenon, in the interpretation of soil magnetometry results.
This article presents the analysis of spatial variability of top soil layers magnetic susceptibility-within the Upper Silesia
Industrial Region (USIR)-using semivariance analysis. It also explains how to adjust the sampling density of field magnetometry
measurements to spatial variability of the soil pollution as well as to the spatial scale of the investigated area. For this
purpose, the values of magnetic susceptibility have been measured by using various sampling densities at areas of different
size located within USIR. This enabled to determine the main scales of magnetic susceptibility spatial variability of soils
within USIR using semivariance. A few distinct scales of variability were found from the site scale to a more regional scale.
Variability ranges of 30 km, 12 km, and 5 km refer to the large regional scale, whereas smaller ranges of few hundreds down
to a few tens of meters, can be attributed to the local (site) scale. In addition, the precision of the measuring campaigns,
performed within USIR with different sampling densities, was compared through the analysis of the spatial variability of the
soil magnetic susceptibility signal by using ordinary kriging.
jarek97@yahoo.com, piotr.fabijanczyk@is.pw.edu.pl 相似文献
168.
169.
170.
新疆积雪对气候变暖的响应 总被引:38,自引:1,他引:38
积雪对全球变暖的响应是当前正在争论的问题。文中通过地面气象台站和 SMMR微波卫星遥感两种积雪资料所建立的两个独立的积雪序列的一致性 ,证明前者在表现新疆积雪长期变化能力方面具有可靠性。阐明了积雪年际变化特征及其与冬季气温和降水量年际波动的关系 ,检验了积雪长期变化趋势。研究表明 ,虽然近 5 0 a来新疆冬季变暖十分显著 ,尤其 2 0世纪 90年代为最温暖的时期 ,但是积雪并未出现持续减少的现象 ;积雪长期变化表现为显著的年际波动过程叠加在长期缓慢的增加趋势之上。积雪年际波动是冬季降水量和气温两者年际波动共同作用的结果 ;冬季气温和降雪量变化受不同的欧亚环流振荡所控制 ;积雪增加趋势与降雪量趋势相一致 ,这可能是由于全球变暖导致海洋蒸发量增加 ,以及在寒冷干燥气候下积雪对降雪量变化更为敏感的缘故。 相似文献