延川县地质灾害详细调查实践与认识

延川县地处陕北黄土梁峁沟壑区,地质灾害频发。通过遥感解译、地面调查,查明了区内地质灾害类型、规模、特点及其分布规律。     

TM影像在河西地区荒漠化土地调查中的应用

遥感及其技术应用和卫星技术的发展为资源环境调查提供了丰富的信息，在人类社会经济活动中发挥着巨大作用。文章根据全国荒漠化土地调查要求及美国陆地资源卫星ＴＭ影像特点，分析了甘肃河西地区１２景、２４幅ＴＭ影像色调特征及形态特征。在此基础上，结合荒漠化土地类型划分建立了图像解译标志，并详细阐述了ＴＭ影像解译程序。通过评价此次荒漠化土地卫星遥感调查中ＴＭ影像的特点及应用效果，充分表明了该现代技术用于此类工作的极大成功     

TM图像在县级土地资源调查与开发规划中的应用研究

TM图像自应用于土地资源调查以来,对其应用潜力争议很大。鉴于此,本文以河北省南皮县为研究区,利用常规方法,分析、评价了TM图像在县级土地利用制图与农业分区中的应用效果,并与SPOT图像进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,利用TM图像进行县级土地利用制图与农业发展分区,可以得到令人满意的结果,借助TM图像包括中红外在内的多波段光谱信息的优势,可以达到SPOT多波段图像的应用效果。本研究为我国应用TM图像进行县级土地资源调查与制定发展规划提供了一个实例。     

Inversion of gravity and magnetic anomalies over some bodies of simple geometric shape

The general expression for gravity and magnetic anomalies over thin sheets and sloping contacts may be expressed as a polynomial of the formFx ²+C₁Fx+C₂F+C₃x³+C₄x²+C₅x+C₆. The initial parameters of the source are obtained from the coefficientsC ₁, C₂,..., C₆ which may be solved by inverting a 6×6 matrix. The initial parameters are modified by successive iteration process using the difference formula until the root mean square error between the observed and calculated anomalies is a minimum. The regional background which may be in the form of a polynomial is estimated by the computer itself. This method is applied on a number of field anomalies and is found to yield reliable estimates of depth and other parameters of the source.     

北京地区中尺度非静力数值预报产品释用技术研究

在国家气象中心与北京市气象局联合开发的“北京地区中尺度数值预报业务系统”基础上，充分利用高分辨率中尺度数值预报产品和地面加密气象观测资料，分别使用统计和动力释用方法进行局地温度、风和北京市区空气污染状况的预报。试预报结果表明，用卡尔曼滤波方法建立的温度和风的预报效果高于中尺度数值预报直接输出结果；使用中尺度数值预报结果作为一个简单的污染预报动力模式的气象背景场，进行了污染预报试验，结果表明该预报方法具有一定的预报能力，其中SO₂、NO₂、CO浓度的预报准确率在夏、秋、冬三季中均可达到65%以上。上述研究成果已用于业务预报。     

预报文稿解译与精细化发报程序相结合的应用

采用在原有的预报流程基础上,通过解译预报文稿与精细化发报程序结合应用来制作预报。在实际应用中能够正确快速的把预报文稿进行翻译并入库,缩短了制作预报的时间,提高了预报业务流程的完整性,减轻了预报员的劳动量,同时也避免了重复性工作,为及时准确的发报工作提供了保证。     

Data mining of petrophysical and lithogeochemical borehole data to elucidate the origin of seismic reflectivity within the Kevitsa Ni–Cu–PGE bearing intrusion,northern Finland

The Kevitsa mafic-ultramafic intrusion, located within the Central Lapland Greenstone Belt in northern Finland, hosts a large, disseminated Ni–Cu–PGE sulphide deposit. A three-dimensional seismic reflection survey was conducted over the Kevitsa intrusion in 2010 primarily for open-pit mine planning and for deep mineral exploration purposes. In the Kevitsa three-dimensional seismic data, laterally continuous reflections are observed within a constrained region within the intrusion. In earlier studies, it has been suggested that this internal reflectivity mainly originates from contacts between the tops and more sulphide-rich bottoms of smaller scale, internally differentiated magma layers that represent a spectrum of olivine pyroxenites. However, this interpretation is not unequivocally supported by the borehole data. In this study, data mining, namely the Self-Organizing Map analysis, of extensive Kevitsa borehole data is used to investigate the possible causes for the observed internal reflectivity within the Kevitsa intrusion. Modelling of the effect of mineralization and alteration on the reflectivity properties of Kevitsa rock types, based on average modal compositions of the rock types, is presented to support the results of the Self-Organizing Map analysis. Based on the results, we suggest that the seismic reflectivity observed within the Kevitsa intrusion can possibly be attributed to alteration, and may also be linked to the presence of sulphide minerals.     

Review Paper: Historical development of the total normalized gradient method in profile gravity field interpretation

In the Russian school, the total normalized gradient method belongs to the most wide-spread of direct interpretation methods for potential field data. This method was also used and partly developed by many experts from abroad. The main advantage of the total normalized gradient method is its relative independence of parameters such as the expected differential density of interpreted structures. The method is built from a construction of a specially transformed field (total normalized gradient) on a section crossing the potential field sources. The special properties of this transformed field allow it to be used to detect the source positions. From the 1960s, the mathematical basis of the method underwent enormous development and several modifications of the method have been elaborated. The total normalized gradient operator itself represents a relatively complicated, non-linear band-pass filter in the spectral domain. The properties of this operator can be handled by means of several parameters that act to separate the information about field sources at different depth levels. In this contribution, we describe the development of the method from its very beginning (based mostly on qualitative interpretation of simple total normalized gradient sections) through to more recent numerical improvements to the method. These improvements include the quasi-singular points method, which refines the filter properties of the total normalized gradient operator and defines an objective criteria (so called criterion ‘α’ and ‘Г') for the definition of source depths in the section. We end by describing possibilities for further development of the method in the future.     

基于网络海洋气象信息释用系统研究

随着海洋、气象以及通信技术的不断发展,每天都可以收到极其大量的海洋气象信息,面对浩瀚的信息,如何快速获取有用的结果成为新的问题。为了海军实际应用、教学和研究的需要,在海军大连舰艇学院军事海洋学科网站上建立了军用海洋气象信息释用系统,将无法直接使用的原始资料转换为可以直接使用的信息,根据海军实际应用、教学和科研对海洋气象信息的需求将有用的资料提取出来,并在网页上列出,上网就可浏览。同时,整理存放历史资料,便于电子检索。