高精度重力法精确圈定磨憨地下盐体范围

在剩余重力异常图上切一条东西向剖面进行反演,推断岩盐体成因及埋深规模,为下一步评价勘探盐盆地、及钻孔布置提供依据。     

地域认同视角下沿海城市海洋性特征分析与评价

海洋是影响整个沿海城市发展方式和城市精神的重要因素。在定义沿海城市的海洋性特征概念的基础上,总结概括出13个体现沿海城市海洋性特征的影响因素,并以这些影响因素对形成地域认同感作用的直接程度为逻辑判断标准,运用解释结构模型（ISM）定性分析了这些因素影响人们地域认同感的递进关系。结果表明：城市海洋景观、城市涉海就业、城市海洋产品和服务消费对沿海城市地域认同感的影响最为直接;城市海洋文化和城市海洋产业生产是承上启下的关键环节;其他影响因素是系统的基础元素。参照该结果,构建了沿海城市海洋性特征评价体系,并运用舍弃等级论域的模糊综合评价方法对中国7个典型沿海城市进行评价排序。评价结果显示沿海城市海洋性特征：大连>青岛>宁波>上海>厦门>天津>深圳。     

基于ISM的公路突发地质灾害应急机制构建

公路突发地质灾害应急机制是保障人民生命财产安全和降低灾害破坏程度的有效手段,为了科学、合理地构建公路突发地质灾害应急机制,运用系统工程理论,采用结构解释模型(ISM)方法确认并分析了应急机制构成的主要要素及其相互影响关系,建立了多层递阶解释结构模型。应用该模型,对应急机制体系进行了分析,将相关要素进行了分级,并分析了要素之间的纵向和横向关系。构成公路突发地质灾害应急机制的8个要素被划分成5个层次。应急预案是应急机制构建的综合成果,对减灾和防止次生灾害的发生起着直接的作用;而应急预案能否发挥其应有的作用,还受到后勤保障和实施速度的影响;会商机制可以有效的保证后勤保障和实施速度;险情监测、安全隐患检查、灾害调查又为会商的顺利进行提供了大量的资料和数据;而信息机制又是这些要素的基础。要素间的相互关系被清晰的揭示,为公路应急机制体系的建设和完善提供了科学依据。     

A new magnetic map of the Weddell Sea and the Antarctic Peninsula

As part of the Antarctic Digital Magnetic Mapping Project (ADMAP) workers from VNIIOkeangeologia (Russia), the British Antarctic Survey (UK) and the Naval Research Laboratory (USA) have brought together almost all of the available magnetic data in the area 0–120°W, 60–90°S. The final map covers the whole Weddell Sea and adjacent land areas, the Antarctic Peninsula and the seas to the west, an area comparable in size with that of the USA. This paper describes the methods used during the compilation of the map and reviews briefly some of the main features shown on it. Distinct magnetic provinces are associated with Precambrian rocks of the East Antarctic craton, highly extended continental crust in the Weddell Sea embayment, the arc batholith of the Antarctic Peninsula, and oceanic crust of the northern Weddell Sea, which was created as a direct consequence of South America–Antarctica plate motion and oceanic crust generated at the Pacific–Antarctic ridge. The magnetic anomaly map thus provides an overview of the fragmentation of south-western Gondwana and the tectonic development of the Weddell Sea sector of Antarctica.     

应用多波段合成图像圈定地热异常的初步探索

本文根据地热异常引起的植被效应模式,确定了多波段合成图像地热异常的解译标志,并进行了地面波谱测试及红外辐射测温工作,从遥感基本原理上论证了解译标志的可靠性。圈定的地热遥感异常,已得到证实,应用这一解译标志指导关中地区寻找地热取得了一定的效果     

Interpretation of landslide distribution triggered by the 2005 Northern Pakistan earthquake using SPOT 5 imagery

The 2005 northern Pakistan earthquake (magnitude 7.6) of 8 October 2005 occurred in the northwestern part of the Himalayas. We interpreted landslides triggered by the earthquake using black-and-white 2.5-m-resolution System Pour l’Observation de la Terre 5 (SPOT 5) stereo images. As a result, the counts of 2,424 landslides were identified in the study area of 55 by 51 km. About 79% or 1,925 of the landslides were small (less than 0.5 ha in area), whereas 207 of the landslides (about 9%) were large (1 ha and more in area). Judging from our field survey, most of the small landslides are shallow rock falls and slides. However, the resolution and whitish image in the photos prevented interpreting the movement type and geomorphologic features of the landslide sites in detail. It is known that this earthquake took place along preexisting active reverse faults. The landslide distribution was mapped and superimposed on the crustal deformation detected by the environmental satellite/synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, active faults map, geological map, and shuttle radar topography mission data. The landslide distribution showed the following characteristics: (1) Most of the landslides occurred on the hanging-wall side of the Balakot–Garhi fault; (2) greater than one third of the landslides occurred within 1 km from the active fault; (3) the greatest number of landslides (1,147 counts), landslide density (3.2 counts/km²), and landslide area ratio (2.3 ha/km²) was found within Miocene sandstone and siltstone, Precambrian schist and quartzite, and Eocene and Paleocene limestone and shale, respectively; (4) there was a slight trend that large landslides occurred on vertically convex slopes rather than on concave slopes; furthermore, large landslides occurred on steeper (30° and more) slopes than on gentler slopes; (5) many large landslides occurred on slopes facing S and SW directions, which is consistent with SAR-detected horizontal dominant direction of crustal deformation on the hanging wall.     

应用遥感技术对吉林省南部内生金属矿产分布规律的探讨

应用多种遥感图象对吉林省南部的通化地区、浑江地区综合解译后发现,此区的线性构造以北东向呈连续带状、近东西向为断续带状、北西向略具分带性为特征,环状构造多在不同方向线状构造带交汇部位成群出现。区内众多的内生金属矿床(点)多分布在不同方向线性构造带交汇部位的环状构造群内,根据这一关系,预测遥感影象类同的复兴屯等四个地区为找寻内生金属矿产的最佳远景区。     

用Euler反褶积方法反演台湾海峡磁异常

用Ｅｕｌｅｒ反褶积方法反演台湾海峡磁异常，选取的窗口不能大，而决定取舍反褶积解的误差限又不能小，这势必对解的质量有较大影响．为此，不仅用了不同延深的单体模型，而且进行了多体模型实验．结果表明，复杂分布的磁性体，用Ｅｕｌｅｒ反褶积方法确定磁性体的轮廓可能是困难的，但可确定磁性体的水平位置和深度，从而降低了对资料精度和计算参数选取的要求．在磁异常比较复杂的地区．     

Avoidable Euler Errors – the use and abuse of Euler deconvolution applied to potential fields

Window‐based Euler deconvolution is commonly applied to magnetic and sometimes to gravity interpretation problems. For the deconvolution to be geologically meaningful, care must be taken to choose parameters properly. The following proposed process design rules are based partly on mathematical analysis and partly on experience.

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Relating electrical conduction of alluvial sediments to textural properties and pore‐fluid conductivity

Electrical conductivity of alluvial sediments depends on litho‐textural properties, fluid saturation and porewater conductivity. Therefore, for hydrostratigraphic applications of direct current resistivity methods in porous sedimentary aquifers, it can be useful to characterize the prevailing mechanisms of electrical conduction (electrolytic or shale conduction) according to the litho‐textural properties and to the porewater characteristics. An experimental device and a measurement protocol were developed and applied to collect data on eight samples of alluvial sediments from the Po plain (Northern Italy), characterized by different grain‐size distribution, and fully saturated with porewater of variable conductivity. The bulk electrical conductivities obtained with the laboratory tests were interpreted with a classical two‐component model, which requires the identification of the intrinsic conductivity of clay particles and the effective porosity for each sample, and with a three‐component model. The latter is based on the two endmember mechanisms, surface and electrolytic conduction, but takes into account also the interaction between dissolved ions in the pores and the fluid‐grain interface. The experimental data and their interpretation with the phenomenological models show that the volumetric ratio between coarse and fine grains is a simple but effective parameter to determine the electrical behaviour of clastic hydrofacies at the scale of the representative elementary volume.