三维GIS在陕西省高速公路管理中的应用设计

应用三维GIS技术建立高速公路综合管理平台,将高速公路地理信息和其路产设施信息相结合,以三维可视化场景实现高速公路景观及信息的浏览查询、三维可视化漫游、检索和动态交互管理.基于三维GIS高速公路管理平台实现路网管理、交通监控、养护、路政等计算机辅助决策,提高了高速公路的管理水平,为最终实现高速公路运营的全数字化管理奠定了坚实的基础.     

南宁市六城区数字高程模型制作及应用前景

以南宁市六城区数字高程模型制作为例,对南宁市数字高程模型的制作过程进行了系统的阐述,由此针对制作大比例尺数字高程模型提出几点建议,最后探讨了其社会经济效益和推广前景.     

基于移动GIS的土地集约利用信息采集终端系统

为了解决土地利用的种类复杂、分界不清、分界点精度要求高等问题,研制集GPS,Mobile GIS,PDA,网络通信等先进技术为一体的,能够快速获取土地利用信息的土地集约利用信息采集终端系统,为城市土地集约化利用信息及时、准确的获取提供技术保障。     

基于Flex的跨平台移动土地信息管理系统设计与实现

将具有跨平台性的Flex移动开发技术与ArcGIS Server ,ArcGIS Flex API等GIS相关技术结合,构建了跨平台移动GIS并应用于山西省襄汾县土地信息管理工作中,在多平台的移动智能终端上实现了土地信息数据查询、地块信息实时更新、移动GPS定位等功能。提高了国土资源管理信息化程度,提高了工作效率和业务管理水平,为移动GIS在土地管理中的应用与研究上提供补充和参考。     

农村集体土地所有权数据库建设研究

旨在探讨农村集体土地所有权数据库建设方法.以西吉县为例,基于2011年度土地变更调查数据库,在野外实地权属调查基础上,以GIS技术为手段建立标准化农村集体土地所有权确权登记发证数据库,并对该数据库建设流程进行了介绍.科学建立数据库可以更好地实现集体土地所有权数据科学、灵活、安全和高效管理,为保护农民集体土地合法权益提供更为有效的依据和手段.     

嵌入式跨平台GIS应用中间件设计

为了解决嵌入式GIS跨平台的软件开发问题,针对嵌入式环境的资源有限性和平台多样性特点,设计了一种嵌入式GIS应用中间件——EGIS_MW平台,该平台能够有效屏蔽不同嵌入式软硬件环境的差异,为上层应用程序提供统一高效并且适合嵌入式GIS应用的编程接口。EGIS_MW平台已经在一款支持多种不同软硬件环境的嵌入式导航系统中得到了应用。应用表明该中间件能够很好地满足嵌入式GIS跨平台软件开发的技术需求。     

基于物联网GIS的消防智能巡检系统设计与实现

消防设施的高效智能管理是衡量城市智慧化水平的重要指标。为了实现该目标,利用物联网技术以及网络地理信息服务技术,设计并实现了集移动巡检终端与网络后台信息管理系统于一体的消防设施智能巡检系统。该系统利用智能无线传感器、RFID以及蓝牙无线通讯等技术,实现消防设施非接触式自动巡检与巡检信息实时传输;通过基于GIS的消防管线与消防拴拓扑结构分层分级可视化,实现消防设施的统一高效管理。相比于现有巡检方式,基于物联网GIS的消防设施智能巡检系统提高了巡检效率与便捷性以及巡检信息的准确性与实时性,为城市中消防设施的实时动态智慧化管理提供了技术支撑和保障。     

Developing the tools for geological shape analysis,with regional‐ to local‐scale examples from the Kalgoorlie Terrane of Western Australia

Geological map data are often underused in mineral‐exploration programs, which rely increasingly on regolith geochemistry and geophysical and other remotely sensed data to generate exploration targets. However, solid geology maps, which are progressively being upgraded due to improved interpretations of superior, remotely sensed images and airborne geophysical data, can be useful in targeting specific types of mineral deposits, which formed late in the evolutionary history of the host terrane. In such terranes, the present map geometry is essentially the same as that at the time of deposit formation. This is the case for orogenic lode‐gold deposits, which commonly show predictable structural controls and/or structural geometry. Thus, the shape of a rock body, or combinations of structures and rock bodies, may provide an important guide to the exploration potential for orogenic lode‐gold deposits. However, until recently, there has been a dearth of techniques to quantify the various properties of shape, and hence test the potential of the two‐dimensional shape of geological bodies in map view as an exploration tool. Integrating techniques from the field of pattern recognition with a modern Geographical Information System (GIS) can provide the shape‐analysis tools required to investigate the geometries of geological shapes. Two‐dimensional shape analysis is now possible through the calculation of several shape metrics including, but not restricted to, aspect ratio, blockiness, elongation, compactness, complexity, roundness, spreadness and squareness. Methods are developed for describing the geometries of rock units about mineral deposits, or any geological features, at any scale, which for the first time makes it possible to compare shapes. These shape‐analysis techniques are tested using orogenic lode‐gold deposits, particularly those in the Kalgoorlie Terrane of the highly auriferous Late Archaean Norseman‐Wiluna Belt of Western Australia. On a global scale, shape analysis indicates that those greenstone belts whose volcanic rock sequences have high elongation and relative low roundness, complexity and aspect ratio (e.g. Kalgoorlie Terrane) are likely to be the most richly endowed in gold. On a more local scale, characteristics of the shape of geological features around the Golden Mile deposit are calculated and used to test the likelihood of occurrence of gold deposits with similar geometry elsewhere in the Kalgoorlie Terrane. The area with the most closely matching shape, on the basis of a 2 km clipping‐circle radius, chosen on the basis of available proximity‐analysis data, corresponds to the recently discovered Ghost Crab deposit, illustrating the potential of the shape analysis methodology in mineral exploration. Shape analysis is, at least in part, scale dependent, due to the inherent problem of being able to define rock boundaries more precisely in units that have strong geophysical signatures than those with weak signatures in poorly exposed terranes. Overcoming this problem is a challenge to the application of this methodology.     

Capturing the essential spatial variability in distributed hydrological modelling: Infiltration parameters

Selecting the correct resolution in distributed hydrological modelling at the watershed scale is essential in reducing scale-related errors. The work presented herein uses information content (entropy) to identify the resolution which captures the essential variability, at the watershed scale, of the infiltration parameters in the Green and Ampt infiltration equation. A soil map of the Little Washita watershed in south-west Oklahoma, USA was used to investigate the effects of grid cell resolution on the distributed modelling of infiltration. Soil-derived parameters and infiltration exhibit decreased entropy as resolutions become coarser. This is reflected in a decrease in the maximum entropy value for the reclassified/derived parameters vis a vis the original data. Moreover, the entropy curve, when plotted against resolution, shows two distinct segments: a constant section where no entropy was lost with decreasing resolution and another part which is characterized by a sharp decrease in entropy after a critical resolution of 1209 m is reached. This methodology offers a technique for assessing the largest cell size that captures the spatial variability of infiltration parameters for a particular basin. A geographical information system (GIS) based rainfall-runoff model is used to simulate storm hydrographs using infiltration parameter maps at different resolutions as inputs. Model results up to the critical resolution are reproducible and errors are small. However, at resolutions beyond the critical resolution the results are erratic with large errors. A major finding of this study is that a large resolution (1209 m for this basin) yields reproducible model results. When modelling a river basin using a distributed model, the resolution (grid cell size) can drastically affect the model results and calibration. The error structure attributable to grid cell resolution using entropy as a spatial variability measure is shown.     

基于GIS技术的胶东地区金矿地质异常成矿预测研究

该文基于胶东地区丰富的地质、物化探资料,通过建立GIS地质数据库,实现对各类地质空间数据综合分析,了解地质实体之间的相互关系,掌握各种地质异常与金矿分布的关系。运用MapGIS地理信息系统的空间分析方法,对金矿成矿与找矿密切相关的地质异常信息进行提取、叠加,形成组合地质异常,并运用组合地质异常进行金矿成矿预测研究。