钾长石矿物在全新世样品光释光测年中的应用与校正问题

使用钾长石进行释光测年时,由于长石的释光信号存在异常衰减,会导致沉积事件年龄的低估。对中国北方4个全新世样品分别使用石英和钾长石矿物组分释光测年,通过测量钾长石的衰退系数(g值)对钾长石使用再生剂量法获得的表征年龄进行了校正。发现对于本文所研究的年轻样品钾长石表征年龄与石英年龄相比系统偏小约2％～9％,钾长石校正年龄与石英年龄相比则严重偏大约16％～40％,表明使用g值无法校正年轻样品的钾长石年龄。对于年轻样品,钾长石IRSL信号异常衰减现象对测年结果的影响是可以忽略的。     

Electron Probe Microanalysis of Environmental Samples: Preparation of Reference Materials, Correction for Particle Size Effects and Representative Results on Sediments Recovered from Snow, Power Station Fly Ash and Bone Samples

In this paper we report the results of electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) that was used to study environmental materials. The mode of preparation and certification of reference samples based on a basaltic glass matrix for environmental applications of EPMA is described. These samples were prepared containing scandium, strontium and barium (from 0.03 up to 7% m/m) and an evaluation was made of homogeneity, their stability to local heating, followed by analysis by independent methods for certification of composition. Matrix correction procedures for the EPMA technique have been developed for particles having a size commensurable with the volume of X-ray generation. An analytical equation for the size factor is proposed and two techniques for selecting optimum conditions for the analysis of environmental samples by EPMA are reported. These procedures provided satisfactory results when utilized in analysing sediments recovered from snow, coal fly ash and the bones of animals and fish, results from which can be used as indicators for evaluating the pollution level of the lower atmosphere, surface and ground water, as well as revealing pollution mechanisms.     

地震图数字化技术中的倾斜校正和波形分割

重点阐述了在对模拟地震图进行数字化处理过程中，利用图中水平线信息完成倾斜校正以及利用中值滤波增强信号、自适应提取信号的波形分割技术。     

Correction factors for estimating suspended sediment export from loess catchments

This study focuses on problems related to estimating the exact exported suspended sediment quantity and quality from flow‐proportional samples taken at a fixed height at the outlet of a small, agricultural catchment in central Belgium. First, a correction factor is introduced to estimate the real suspended sediment concentration. This factor depends on the stream depth and the grain size distribution of the sediment and is necessary because of the presence of a concentration gradient in the stream. Secondly, water depth is corrected for the sediment volume, and thirdly, the grain size distribution of the exported sediment is corrected. The application of these correction factors leads to a reduction of the estimated total sediment export by 18 per cent (from 4810 Mg over a period of three years to 3930 Mg). Furthermore, the importance of small grain size fractions increases, leading to higher enrichment ratios for the clay fraction and lower ratios for the sand fraction. Suspended sediment export is thus more selective than was previously thought. Due to the overestimation of the sediment export, total phosphorus losses from the catchment are also overestimated by 17 per cent. This paper therefore emphasizes that point sampling of suspended sediment is biased and that a method should be incorporated to correct the sediment export in terms of quantity and quality. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界地层地史模拟与油气聚集

根据沉积压实原理，应用“反剥离模式”恢复盆地内各地层层系在不同地质历史时斯的古厚度及古埋深，并得到陶系柄部风化剥蚀面的一系列时间－埋深平面图及单井埋藏史图，由此对盆地下古生界奥陶系顶面的加里东期古风化剥蚀面的构造演化规律作出定量分析，结合盆地的生、排烃史研究成果，分析预测盆地内古古生界的油气聚集规律，为油气勘探与部署提供定量依据。     

从Lacoste－Romberg重力仪零位移特性的分析论提高观测精度的途径

零位校正误差是重力仪除标定以外最主要的误差来源。本文根据作者数年来从事高精度重力勘探工作中所积累的资料，对此问题进行了较为全面客观的分析研究。（ｌ）对Ｌａｃｏｓｔｅ－Ｒｏｍｂｅｒｇ重力仪的正常零位变化和零位突变特性提出了分析结论；（２）对实测资料采用动、静分高处理方法，分析了重力仪连续工作时（数日至数十日）由于零位非线性变化可能引起的零位校正误差；（３）通过对实测资料的分析计算，得到了零位突变对重力仪观测精度影响的参考值；（４）针对重力仪使用中的实际问题提出了改善零位移线性度的实施对策。     

应用随机辐射传输模型反演云南松林分郁闭度

随机辐射传输模型可用于模拟水平分布不均一森林的辐射传输过程。本文以云南松林分为研究对象，提出一种应用随机辐射传输模型的郁闭度反演方法。该方法以随机辐射传输模型中参数与林分郁闭度的定量关系为基础，提出了针对云南松的冠型等效模型，构建了郁闭度和卫星反射率（GF-1和Landsat 8卫星影像）的查找表，并实施了反演。基于野外实测的30个样地进行了郁闭度数据验证，并和基于NDVI回归模型的反演方法进行对比。结果表明，反演结果能够较准确反映云南松林分郁闭状况（R²=0.8345，RMSE=0.0688），通过冠型修正能够降低反演误差，冠型等效模型是合理的。反演方法机理清晰且适用范围广，研究成果可为大面积森林郁闭度反演提供模型和方法支持。     

均衡重力异常和地壳表、浅层地质结构

从理论和试验角度论证了利用均衡重力异常研究地壳表、浅层地质结构的可行性,从而指出:所有合理的地壳均衡模型产生的均衡效应几乎是一样的;地壳均衡模型类型和模型参数的变化,仅使均衡改正值在长波长上发生很小变化,而对均衡重力异常的局部异常影响不大;均衡重力异常与地壳表、浅层地质结构具有明显的对应关系。因此,利用均衡重力异常研究地表和地壳浅层地质结构,以选择简单的地壳均衡模型为好。本方法的优点是不受地形格架影响,便于进行广泛对比和定量研究     

广东省台网震级ML的台站校正值

利用广东省地震台网多年的观测资料,选取了481个地震的数据计算了19个台站的M_L震级校正值。初步的结果表明,震级校正值受震中距、震级等因素影响较小,可以满足实际工作要求。     

青海当金山口—四川黑水大地热流研究

在青海当金山口－四川黑水剖面（ＧＧＴ）区带内大地热流测量的基础上，采用布拉德数值分析法对地温梯度进行了三维地形校正，对中－新生代孔隙岩石热导率样品进行了饱水校正，取得了满意的效果，获得了１０个可信的大地热流值。青藏高原北部平均热流值为５１ｍＷ．ｍ＾－２，变动于３５～７８ｍＷ．ｍ＾－２，柴达木北缘构造带和巴颜喀拉构造带处于二者之间，平均为４９ｍＷ．ｍ＾－２。这种分布不均７２ｍＷ．ｍ＾－２，柴达木北缘