松辽盆地北部岩石热导率及其影响因素

本次研究采用瞬态平面源法对松辽盆地北部76个钻孔的263个岩心样品进行了岩石热导率测试。岩心的实测热导率集中在0.58~3.00 W/(m·K)之间, 平均为(1.77±0.64) W/(m·K); 泥岩、粉砂岩、砂岩、砾岩平均热导率分别为(1.30±0.39) W/(m·K)、(1.89±0.64) W/(m·K)、(1.91±0.37) W/(m·K)、(2.18±0.57) W/(m·K); 变质岩、火成岩平均热导率分别为(2.75±0.67) W/(m·K)、(2.70±0.45) W/(m·K)。碎屑岩和凝灰岩热导率整体上呈现出随着埋深和地层年龄的增加而增大的趋势, 而砾岩和变质岩变化趋势不明显。分析了压实成岩作用、砂岩的矿物含量和岩石的变质作用对岩石热导率造成的影响。通过饱水测量获得了原位热导率, 对岩心的原位导热系数进行了修正。最后建立了松辽盆地北部地层热导率柱, 可以为研究区的热流计算、深部地温场建模、盆地热史恢复等提供地层热导率约束。     

气团订正对静止卫星成像仪资料同化在台风预报中的改进效果研究

基于美国台风预报系统（Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting,HWRF）,研究了气团订正方法对GOES-13/15静止卫星成像仪资料同化效果的改进作用,选取了2012年6月23日生成于大西洋地区的台风Debby作为研究对象,通过一组对照试验比较了气团订正前后台风路径和初始场相关物理量的差异,结果表明:气团订正能显著减小GOES-13/15静止卫星成像仪资料的系统偏差,明显提高台风路径的预报效果,气团订正使得预报的台风路径与观测路径的平均偏差和标准差降低了30%左右,提前6 h实现了台风路径的正确转向。物理机制分析表明,经过气团订正后的静止卫星资料增强了位于台风东南侧副热带高压的强度,同时增加了台风东部的温度和比湿,在引导气流和大气温、湿场的共同作用下,台风预报路径实现了正确转向。      

OSTIA数据在中国近海业务化环流模型中的同化应用

The prediction of sea surface temperature(SST) is an essential task for an operational ocean circulation model. A sea surface heat flux, an initial temperature field, and boundary conditions directly affect the accuracy of a SST simulation. Here two quick and convenient data assimilation methods are employed to improve the SST simulation in the domain of the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea(BYECS). One is based on a surface net heat flux correction, named as Qcorrection(QC), which nudges the flux correction to the model equation; the other is ensemble optimal interpolation(En OI), which optimizes the model initial field. Based on such two methods, the SST data obtained from the operational SST and sea ice analysis(OSTIA) system are assimilated into an operational circulation model for the coastal seas of China. The results of the simulated SST based on four experiments, in 2011, have been analyzed. By comparing with the OSTIA SST, the domain averaged root mean square error(RMSE) of the four experiments is 1.74, 1.16, 1.30 and 0.91°C, respectively; the improvements of assimilation experiments Exps 2, 3 and 4 are about 33.3%, 25.3%, and 47.7%, respectively.Although both two methods are effective in assimilating the SST, the En OI shows more advantages than the QC,and the best result is achieved when the two methods are combined. Comparing with the observational data from coastal buoy stations, show that assimilating the high-resolution satellite SST products can effectively improve the SST prediction skill in coastal regions.     

AltiKa Radiometer: Instrument Description and In–Flight Performance

On 25 February 2013, the Satellite for Argos and AltiKa (SARAL) was launched from the Indian Sriharikota launch site. The AltiKa payload consisted of an altimeter and a radiometer. This paper describes the AltiKa radiometer. This instrument has been studied for several years by CNES, TAS-F, ASTRIUM-F and a set of science laboratories, and AltiKa is the first compact instrument embedding simultaneously the altimeter and radiometer functions. AltiKa radiometer is a dual frequency instrument working in K (23.8 GHz) and Ka band (37 GHz), it is based on the total power principle, with direct detection receivers. On-ground acceptance tests exhibited a very high level of performance: less than 0.2 dB has been estimated for both sensitivity and absolute accuracy in both frequencies. This paper focuses on the in-flight performances that have been observed since the launch. All the instrument observable characterizations are nominal, and in-flight sensitivity has been estimated lower than 0.2 K.     

An improved atmospheric correction algorithm for applying MERIS data to very turbid inland waters

Atmospheric correction (AC) is a necessary process when quantitatively monitoring water quality parameters from satellite data. However, it is still a major challenge to carry out AC for turbid coastal and inland waters. In this study, we propose an improved AC algorithm named N-GWI (new standard Gordon and Wang’s algorithms with an iterative process and a bio-optical model) for applying MERIS data to very turbid inland waters (i.e., waters with a water-leaving reflectance at 864.8 nm between 0.001 and 0.01). The N-GWI algorithm incorporates three improvements to avoid certain invalid assumptions that limit the applicability of the existing algorithms in very turbid inland waters. First, the N-GWI uses a fixed aerosol type (coastal aerosol) but permits aerosol concentration to vary at each pixel; this improvement omits a complicated requirement for aerosol model selection based only on satellite data. Second, it shifts the reference band from 670 nm to 754 nm to validate the assumption that the total absorption coefficient at the reference band can be replaced by that of pure water, and thus can avoid the uncorrected estimation of the total absorption coefficient at the reference band in very turbid waters. Third, the N-GWI generates a semi-analytical relationship instead of an empirical one for estimation of the spectral slope of particle backscattering. Our analysis showed that the N-GWI improved the accuracy of atmospheric correction in two very turbid Asian lakes (Lake Kasumigaura, Japan and Lake Dianchi, China), with a normalized mean absolute error (NMAE) of less than 22% for wavelengths longer than 620 nm. However, the N-GWI exhibited poor performance in moderately turbid waters (the NMAE values were larger than 83.6% in the four American coastal waters). The applicability of the N-GWI, which includes both advantages and limitations, was discussed.     

联合使用位模型和地形信息的陆区航空重力向下延拓方法

为了规避传统逆Poisson积分向下延拓解算过程的不适定性问题,借鉴导航定位中的"差分"概念,利用超高阶位模型直接计算海域航空重力测量向下延拓改正数的方法。本文在此基础上提出联合使用重力位模型和地形高数据,计算陆部航空重力向下延拓总改正数的改进方案,以飞行高度面与地面对应点的位模型差分信息表征总改正数的中长波分量,以相对应的局部地形改正差分修正量表征总改正数的中高频成分,从而实现航空重力数据点对点向地面的全频段延拓。在地形变化不同区域,联合使用EGM2008位模型、地面实测重力和高分辨率高程数据进行了实际数值计算和精度评估,验证了该方法的有效性。     

工作基点的位移对观测点的影响分析

在基坑变形监测工作中,受场地条件的限制,工作基点往往只能埋设在基坑边相对稳定的地方,因此,工作基点也会产生位移。针对在施工现场进行变形观测时工作基点易于发生变动的情况,分析和讨论了工作基点位移的确定以及其位移给观测点带来的影响,提出相应的修正方法,并结合工程实例进行了分析。     

三频BDS电离层延迟改正分析

针对电离层改正会引起观测噪声放大,尤其三频二阶改正致使观测噪声被过分放大的不足,该文分别推导了BDS电离层双频一阶改正、三频一阶改正和三频二阶改正模型及三频载波无电离层组合模型。改正电离层延迟的同时会不同程度地放大观测噪声,为此分析比较了各种方法改正后的观测值精度和观测噪声,并对不同方法的应用进行了分析。     

大气校正对SPOT卫星遥测水质的影响

藉由卫星遥测进行河川水质监测，目前尚没有较明确可行之方法，如何利用较为简单且适当的SPOT卫星遥测大气校正方法，正确辨识水体水质，是本研究的主要目的。利用SPOT卫星作两阶段非监督式及监督式自动分类，确认卫星影像中水质测站对应之水体样本，并将所有样本依季节分群，俾让卫星监测水体水质样本较为均质。模拟方式采用多变量回归、类神经网络及判别分析3种模式，并比较4种不同之大气校正程序。结果发现。以水质及其指标整体预测来看，类神经网络预测结果较优于多变量回归及判别分析的结果，大气校正方法以直接采用灰度值并消除最暗像元灰度值之校正方法，即可达到不错之预测结果。综合而言，以SPOT或分辨率更高之卫星光谱遥测水质是简单可行，但仍需更多数据以验证其精确度。     

TGO中地方坐标系约束平差的处理方法

GPS静态定位在测量中被广泛地用于大地测量、工程测量、地籍测量、物探测量及各种类型的变形监测等。在静态处理约束平差过程中需要了解这些不同坐标系统的椭球参数和中央子午线等参数。本文就TGO在处理地方坐标系的约束平差进行相关探讨。