对流层传播延迟改正

介绍了流层大气折射对GPS信息的影响及修正方法，着重讨论了各种天顶延迟计算方法和投影函数模型；通过试算，并分析比较这些模型的差异，得出了一些有益的结果。     

Atmospheric Corrections Using MODTRAN for TOA and Surface BRDF Characteristics from High Resolution Spectroradiometric/ Angular Measurements from a Helicopter Platform

l. IntroductionThe cIassicaI definition of bi--directional reflectance--distribution function (BRDF) is aderivative, distribution function, relatlng the irradiance incident from one given direction tolts contribution to the radiance renected in another direct1on (N1codemus et al., l977).f r (0,, rp,; 0,, rp, )= dL, (0,, P,; 0,, 9,; E, )/ dE, (0,, 9,) [sr-- 1 ], (l)where 0 (zenith angle) and 9 (azimuth angle) together indicate a direction, the subscr1pt i indi-cates quantities associated wi…     

溶液结构的X射线衍射──3.粉末衍射仪液体样品池窗口强度校正的相对透明因子

从衍射几何学出发，推导出0－2θ型X射线衍射仪液体样品池窗口强度校正的相对透明因子，解释了由于超厚液体样品池上的窗口的吸收，反射法引起的低角强度损失和透射法引起的高角强度损失，获得了令人满意的的校正结果。     

On terrain corrections in terrestrial heat flow

The theory of heat-flow variation over a Lees-type hill is well known for evaluating terrain effects on terrestrial heat flow. However, a hill cannot be converted into a valley by simply changing the sign of one of the terrain-defining parameters, nor can several Lees' hills be superposed to simulate a series of hills and valleys for correcting a terrain-induced disturbance of heat flow. The proper derivations for a Lees-type valley are presented and the superposition is compared with analytic solutions for two parallel semi-cylindrical valleys and two semi-spherical basins embedded in an otherwise planar ground. Generally, heat flux climaxes over central valleys or basins, and dips toward their margins where rapid change in topography occurs. Variation of heat flux induced by a three-dimensional terrain is relatively large, as compared to two-dimensional features, but its areal extent is relatively limited. The two-dimensional effects also extend relatively deeper. In applying two-dimensional algorithms to a three-dimensional terrain, the correction may be over- or underestimated depending on the distance from a borehole to prominent terrain features in the surrounding area.     

大连地震台面波震级偏差及其校正

文章采用大连地震台1983年到1986年四年间所记录的面波震级Ms≥4.0级的地震一千余例与《中国地震台临时报告》中所给定的面波震级进行比较,算出大连地震台的台基校正值,以及不同震中距,不同震中方位,不同震级的震级偏差及其校正值.     

球面方模板地形改正公式及其应用

在给出球面圆盘重力公式的基础上,导出了便于使用高程数据库和电子计算机的球面方盘重力公式,通过实际算例,证明了该公式高精度和可用性.     

几种地形校正方法的研究

本文推证了三种典型的地形校正方法(局部地形改正(C),剩余地形改正(RTM)爱黎-海斯卡宁型地形均衡改正(t_C)之间的数学关系,对其特性进行了分析比较;讨论了它们实现的途径(数据处理方法)及其计算特征;最后还应用某地区的实测地形高数据进行了实际计算,得出了一些有益的结论。     

灌木植被分布区阻力特性理论及试验研究

为探明河道灌木植被分布区阻水规律，对灌木植被主干、分枝产生的水流阻力特性及其定量特征进行研究。提出原型植被体积修正系数和灌木植被水力半径确定方法，理论推导灌木植被阻力系数计算公式，并结合水槽试验建立植被阻力系数与植被水力半径为特征长度的植被雷诺数之间的关系式。研究结果表明：引入原型植被体积修正系数和灌木植被水力半径使灌木植被阻力计算更为准确；植被阻力系数与植被雷诺数之间呈指数函数关系，随植被雷诺数的增加呈单调减小的趋势，与水槽试验结果吻合很好。     

Lateral variations of the local magnitude at Ebre station,Northeastern Iberian Peninsula

Since 1984, a seismic surveillance at the Baix Ebre Region (NE of the Iberian Peninsula) has been carried out from a seismic network consisting of two digital and one analog stations. Large discrepancies between the recorded amplitudes and the magnitude estimates given by different agencies have been observed. To explain these discrepancies, that consist of a large reduction of amplitude and a strong dependence of the azimuth, a local magnitude formula for the area has been computed, using the analog records obtained at EBR short-period station. Global results show an average station correction factor between the computed local magnitude and the reported magnitude of the order of 1, presenting large variations around the mean value with a clear dependence on the azimuth. A detailed analysis of this variation around the mean value reveals that earthquakes can be classified according to their location in different geological units, thus obtaining for each zone a distinct station correction factor that can fluctuate as much as 0.6 around the average. These large lateral variations of the magnitude are in good agreement with previous studies of coda-Q attenuation.     

Evaluating the Effects of Autofluorescence during Raman Hyperspectral Imaging

Raman hyperspectral imaging is becoming a popular technique to analyse geological materials. Autofluorescence can affect the quality of the spectra that comprise hyperspectral data sets. Few studies have addressed potential misinterpretation of Raman images from hyperspectral data sets affected by autofluorescence. Additionally, little work has been done to develop methods for identifying the spatial distribution of spectra affected by autofluorescence. This study illustrates how autofluorescence may lead to misinterpretation of the distribution of materials based on intensity at a point images. A method is proposed utilising signal to axis analysis to create images that identify regions affected by autofluorescence. Post‐processing baseline correction is often used to address autofluorescence, and most software programs utilise a form of partial least squares regression modelling based on a subjective choice of polynomial order. This study shows that an inappropriate choice of polynomial order can introduce error, which may lead to misinterpretation of Raman images. A signal to axis analysis method is proposed to statistically compare seemingly ‘appropriate’ baseline correction trials. Although post‐processing of hyperspectral data sets and creating Raman images seem simple, data quality issues such as autofluorescence must be considered. If baseline correction is deemed necessary, it should be addressed as an experiment involving statistical comparison.