中国地区收入与净财富不平等的演变路径识别

当前,“共同富裕”问题备受各界关注,中国2035年远景目标纲要明确要求“共同富裕”取得实质性进展,因而测度收入与净财富不平等程度、识别地区“共同富裕”的路径差异与成因具有重要意义。本文根据2011—2019年中国家庭金融调查（CHFS）数据,使用基尼系数、洛伦兹曲线和计量模型分析地区收入不平等和净财富不平等的演变模式、成因与地区“共同富裕”的路径差异。研究发现：① 虽然2011—2019年全国收入不平等程度下降,但净财富不平等维持在高位,而各地区收入和净财富不平等变化存在明显空间差异,其各分位点上的收入或净财富累计占比变化呈现不同态势。② 进一步检验地区不平等与经济发展的关系,发现经济发展水平与收入不平等呈近似倒“U”型关系,与净财富不平等呈近似倒“N”型关系。③ 各地区“共同富裕”的路径存在差异,发达省市区正逐步推进“共同富裕”,而落后省市区这一迹象并未显现。本文为中央与地方政府“共同富裕”政策的制定提供借鉴与参考。     

Bounding greybody and deflection angle of improved Schwarzschild black hole

In this paper, we study the weak deflection angle in the spacetime of improved Schwarzschild black hole using the method derived by Gibbons and Werner. To do so, we derive the optical curvature from the optical metric and calculate deflection angle in weak field limits by using the Gauss–Bonnet theorem. Moreover, we study the effect of the plasma medium on the weak gravitational lensing using the Gauss–Bonnet theorem. Furthermore, we also study the graphical analysis of the deflection angle in both the plasma and non-plasma mediums. Moreover, we obtain the bound on greybody for improved Schwarzschild black hole.     

A distribution-free ordinal classification of floods based on moments

ABSTRACT

Classification of floods is often based on return periods of their peaks estimated from probability distributions and hence depends on assumptions. The choice of an appropriate distribution function and parameter estimation are often connected with high uncertainties. In addition, limited length of data series and the stochastic characteristic of the occurrence of extreme events add further uncertainty. Here, a distribution-free classification approach is proposed based on statistical moments. By using robust estimators the sampling effects are reduced and time series of different lengths can be analysed together. With a developed optimization procedure, locally and regionally consistent flood categories can be defined. In application, it is shown that the resulting flood categories can be used to assess the spatial extent of extreme floods and their coincidences. Moreover, groups of gauges, where simultaneous events belong to the same classes, are indicators for homogeneous groups of gauges in regionalization.     

中国典型农区县域社会不平等空间模式与地域差异——以河南省为例

以河南省为例,从社会剥夺视角系统检测了传统农区粮食连增背景下县域社会不平等空间模式、地域差异及形成机制。结果表明：河南省县域社会不平等强度整体较高,社会发展水平呈西高东低格局,总体上形成核心—边缘半环形空间结构。河南省县域社会不平等地域差异特征显著,中原城市群社会发展水平最高,但县区间差距最大;豫东地区县域社会发展呈较低水平空间均衡,粮食主产县区的“粮财倒挂”和“粮食与民生倒挂”现象并存;农村县域社会发展水平显著滞后于城市辖区,但其县区间差距更大,约为城市辖区的2倍。河南省县域社会不平等空间格局受区域经济发展、社会政策、空间战略及历史发展路径依赖等因素共同影响,有着显著社会经济综合转型的结构性特征。     

Analysis of inequalities between the fishing capacities of the fleets of the European union

In the period 1983-2007, The European Union controlled the evolution of the capacity of its fishing fleet through the so-called Multi-Annual Guidance Programmes (MAGPs). As a result, The European Union reduced the number of fishermen, fishing vessels, gross tonnage and power. However, the end of this period saw an increase in the average size of the fishing vessel and a reduction in crew size. The new “average fishing-vessel” was a more technologically advanced vessel with a greater fishing capacity and a higher degree of autonomy. The aim of the study presented here is to determine the degree of inequality to be found between the fishing capacities of the fleets of the European Union, and to verify whether the evolution of the “average fishing-vessel” responds to a homogenous trend shared by all of the fishing fleets of the European Union or whether it is in fact more unequal. The study formalises a methodology, using Theil indices, which enables the inequalities found between the capacities of the fishing fleets during the period of application of the MAGP adjustment polices to be analysed. The study uses data on fishermen, boats and tonnages from 13 countries of the European Union and results are obtained for the inequality indices of the average size of the fishing vessels, their degree of technological advance and their average crews.     

江苏省县域经济差异演变的结构分析

文章通过基尼系数和广义熵指数的分解方法,对改革开放以来江苏省县域经济差异的演化过程进行结构分析,两种测度方法所得县域差异演变趋势基本一致。20世纪90年代初期以前的县域差异扩大,主要是由于第二产业产值份额过高,分布不均等所致;随着工业化、市场化和城市化进程的加速,产业结构重构与转移,产业的结构效应逐渐大于集中效应,第三产业产值份额不断提高,并对县域差异的促增作用越来越强,导致县域差异经过短暂下降后,又在20世纪90年代后期呈扩大趋势。江苏省的县域差异在空间结构上主要表现为苏南、苏中与苏北三大经济区域间的差异,且呈不断扩大的态势。     

使用黏性逼近方法推广一个平衡及不动点问题

为了研究寻找一般平衡问题的公共解集中共有元素的迭代方法,及无穷非扩张映像族的不动点问题.通过在Hilbert空间中构造非扩张序列Ti得出了一种关于Wn算子的新黏性逼近迭代算法,在一定条件下,得出了其强收敛定理.     

基于改进模糊Borda法的中亚农业投资环境组合评价分析

中亚被认为是丝绸之路经济带沿线最具有投资潜力的地区,对其农业投资环境的评价将有助于我国企业"走出去"到中亚各国开展农业投资合作。通过构建由政治与法律环境、经济与对外开放环境、基础设施与公共服务环境、农业生产环境4个方面27项指标组成的综合评价指标体系,采用改进模糊Borda法的组合模型进行评价分析。结果表明:经济与对外开放环境、基础设施与公共服务环境、农业生产环境是影响中亚国家农业投资环境的主要方面;空间维度上,哈萨克斯坦农业投资环境相对最好,得分均值最高(254.056),乌兹别克斯坦(131.110)吉尔吉斯斯坦(107.158)两国次之,塔吉克斯坦(17.673)和土库曼斯坦(15.886)两国最低;时间维度上,哈、吉、乌三国农业投资环境总体呈趋好态势,而塔、土两国农业投资环境较差,处于不稳定状态。     

中国东北地区重力场研究——利用改进的三方向小子域滤波划分主构造线及大地构造单元

利用重力异常进行大地构造单元的划分是区域重力资料处理与解释的重要任务.为了精细地划分中国东北地区大地构造单元及其分界线位置,对三方向小子域滤波进行了改进,探讨了改进的三方向小子域滤波的合理性.利用小子域及改进的三方向小子域滤波对研究区布格重力异常进行处理,并与欧拉反褶积反演结果进行对比分析.结果表明,改进的三方向小子域滤波在识别平面断裂的应用中具有更好的效果.综合分析东北地区布格重力异常特征、小子域和改进的三方向小子域滤波结果,划分出延续性较好、规模较大的断裂18条.对研究区重力异常进行了分区,描述了一、二级异常的分区特点,给出了东北地区大地构造单元的基本格架.黑河-齐齐哈尔-白城等重要构造线平面位置的确定突破了传统的重力异常分区模式,指出东北地区NE向构造具有走滑特征,且走滑距离具有由西向东逐渐增大的特点.     

一种基于改进克里金法的地面气温质量控制算法

依据气温间的空间相关性,将地统计学中的普通克里金法(Ordinary Kriging,OK)引入地面气温资料的质量控制。考虑气温在空间上的连续性,提出一种基于高斯模型改进的普通克里金(Improved Ordinary Kriging,IOK)质量控制方法。为评估该方法的性能,运用IOK法对江苏省67个台站2008年地面日平均气温资料进行质量控制,并与OK法以及反距离加权法(Inverse Distance Weighted,IDW)进行比较。试验结果表明,IOK法的检验效果优于OK法与IDW法,且稳定性与适用性较高,能有效地标记出气温观测数据中的可疑数据。