SPOT5卫星影像在矿山环境调查中的应用

以吉林省辽源市煤炭矿山为研究对象,通过对SPOT5卫星影像纠正、融合、解译等处理,快速、便捷地查清矿区的地质环境问题:矿区固体废物堆放、尾矿库分布情况;矿山采空区地面塌陷、山体开裂、滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、岩溶塌陷、煤田自燃等地质灾害分布情况;由矿产开发引发的水土流失、土地沙化、侵占土地、植被破坏的情况;矿区水体、植被、土壤污染状况等。通过矿山地质环境调查实践,总结出了SPOT5卫星影像最优波段组合、融合方法及矿山地质环境调查中的地物判读标志,从而使SPOT5卫星影像在遥感环境地质调查中发挥了重要作用。     

多波束声呐和侧扫声呐数据融合方法研究综述

多波束声呐系统与侧扫声呐系统均为海底面探测的重要工具,二者均采用声学方法,在工作原理上存在异同。本文简要介绍了二者的研究进展,分别对其数据处理进行了比对分析,认为多波束声呐处理方法侧重于数据的测量精度,而侧扫声呐则主要侧重于图像处理;归纳了当前二者主要的数据匹配融合方法,包括同名特征融合、基于SURF算法的匹配融合以及特征点融合,从数据采集原理上对数据融合方法进行了深入分析,发现在探头定位、单ping数据点分布以及ping之间的数据定位上存在一定的困难,即使经过一定的处理,二者采集的也非简单的平面图像,故二者的数据融合尚存在一定的难度。     

Ablation Characteristic of Ilmenite using UV Nanosecond and Femtosecond Lasers: Implications for Non‐Matrix‐Matched Quantification

Ilmenite (FeTiO₃) is a common accessory mineral and has been used as a powerful petrogenetic indicator in many geological settings. Elemental fractionation and matrix effects in ilmenite (CRN63E‐K) and silicate glass (NIST SRM 610) were investigated using 193 nm ArF excimer nanosecond (ns) laser and 257 nm femtosecond (fs) laser ablation systems coupled to an inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometer. The concentration‐normalised ⁵⁷Fe and ⁴⁹Ti responses in ilmenite were higher than those in NIST SRM 610 by a factor of 1.8 using fs‐LA. Compared with the 193 nm excimer laser, smaller elemental fractionation was observed using the 257 nm fs laser. When using 193 nm excimer laser ablation, the selected range of the laser energy density had a significant effect on the elemental fractionation in ilmenite. Scanning electron microscopy images of ablation craters and the morphologies of the deposited aerosol materials showed more melting effects and an enlarged particle deposition area around the ablation site of the ns‐LA‐generated crater when compared with those using fs‐LA. The ejected material around the ns crater predominantly consisted of large droplets of resolidified molten material; however, the ejected material around the fs crater consisted of agglomerates of fine particles with ‘rough' shapes. These observations are a result of the different ablation mechanisms for ns‐ and fs‐LAs. Non‐matrix‐matched calibration was applied for the analysis of ilmenite samples using NIST SRM 610 as a reference material for both 193 nm excimer LA‐ICP‐MS and fs‐LA‐ICP‐MS. Similar analytical results for most elements in ilmenite samples were obtained using both 193 nm excimer LA‐ICP‐MS at a high laser energy density of 12.7 J cm^?2 and fs‐LA‐ICP‐MS.     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定电气石中12种主次量元素

电气石是一类含硼的铝硅酸盐矿物,化学成分复杂、化学稳定性强,不易湿法分解,B_2O_3含量较高,导致其主次量元素的同时测定存在一定困难。本文采用熔融法制样,建立了X射线荧光光谱法测定电气石Na_2O、MgO、Al_2O_3、SiO_2、P_2O_5、K_2O、CaO、TiO_2、V_2O_5、Cr_2O_3、MnO、TFe_2O_3等主次量元素的分析方法。样品与四硼酸锂-偏硼酸锂-氟化锂(质量比为4.5∶1∶0.4)混合熔剂的稀释比例为1∶10,消除了粒度效应和矿物效应;在缺少电气石标准物质的情况下,选择土壤、水系沉积物及多种类型的地质标准物质绘制校准曲线,利用含量与电气石类似的标准物质验证准确度,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于4.2%。采用所建方法测定四种不同类型电气石实际样品,测定值与经典化学法基本吻合。本方法解决了电气石不易湿法分解和硼的干扰问题,测定结果准确可靠,与其他方法相比操作简便,分析周期短。     

Geometric-constrained multi-view image matching method based on semi-global optimization

Targeting at a reliable image matching of multiple remote sensing images for the generation of digital surface models, this paper presents a geometric-constrained multi-view image matching method, based on an energy minimization framework. By employing a geometrical constraint, the cost value of the energy function was calculated from multiple images, and the cost value was aggregated in an image space using a semi-global optimization approach. A homography transform parameter calculation method is proposed for fast calculation of projection pixel on each image when calculating cost values. It is based on the known interior orientation parameters, exterior orientation parameters, and a given elevation value. For an efficient and reliable processing of multiple remote sensing images, the proposed matching method was performed via a coarse-to-fine strategy through image pyramid. Three sets of airborne remote sensing images were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Results reveal that the multi-view image matching can improve matching reliability. Moreover, the experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than traditional methods.     

Novel fusion approach on automatic object extraction from spatial data: case study Worldview-2 and TOPO5000

The automatic extraction of information content from remotely sensed data is always challenging. We suggest a novel fusion approach to improve the extraction of this information from mono-satellite images. A Worldview-2 (WV-2) pan-sharpened image and a 1/5000-scaled topographic vector map (TOPO5000) were used as the sample data. Firstly, the buildings and roads were manually extracted from WV-2 to point out the maximum extractable information content. Subsequently, object-based automatic extractions were performed. After achieving two-dimensional results, a normalized digital surface model (nDSM) was generated from the underlying digital aerial photos of TOPO5000, and the automatic extraction was repeated by fusion with the nDSM to include individual object heights as an additional band for classification. The contribution was tested by precision, completeness and overall quality. Novel fusion technique increased the success of automatic extraction by 7% for the number of buildings and by 23% for the length of roads.     

Rice crop phenology mapping at high spatial and temporal resolution using downscaled MODIS time-series

Satellite data holds considerable potential as a source of information on rice crop growth which can be used to inform agronomy. However, given the typical field sizes in many rice-growing countries such as China, data from coarse spatial resolution satellite systems such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are inadequate for resolving crop growth variability at the field scale. Nevertheless, systems such as MODIS do provide images with sufficient frequency to be able to capture the detail of rice crop growth trajectories throughout a growing season. In order to generate high spatial and temporal resolution data suitable for mapping rice crop phenology, this study fused MODIS data with lower frequency, higher spatial resolution Landsat data. An overall workflow was developed which began with image preprocessing, calculation of multi-temporal normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images, and spatiotemporal fusion of data from the two sensors. The Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model was used to effectively downscale the MODIS data to deliver a time-series of 30 m spatial resolution NDVI data at 8-day intervals throughout the rice-growing season. Zonal statistical analysis was used to extract NDVI time-series for individual fields and signal filtering was applied to the time-series to generate rice phenology curves. The downscaled MODIS NDVI products were able to characterize the development of paddy rice at fine spatial and temporal resolutions, across wide spatial extents over multiple growing seasons. These data permitted the extraction of key crop seasonality parameters that quantified inter-annual growth variability for a whole agricultural region and enabled mapping of the variability in crop performance between and within fields. Hence, this approach can provide rice crop growth data that is suitable for informing agronomic policy and practice across a wide range of scales.     

基于ASTER与Sentinel-2A融合数据的云南普朗铜矿化蚀变信息提取

云南普朗铜矿区是我国提高战略性金属矿产铜矿资源的主要潜力地段,该矿区位于多云多雨山地高原区,采用传统地面调查方法开展找矿勘查工作受限较大,而遥感技术可在其中发挥重要作用。鉴于此,本研究选取ASTER和Sentinel-2A多光谱遥感数据,在光谱协同统一两种数据源的地表反射率基础上,采用高通滤波(High-Pass Filtering,HPF)的融合方法兼顾两种数据在短波红外波段和可见光近红外波段的优势,获取了具有高空间分辨率和高光谱保真度的ASTER-Sentinel-2A融合数据集;进而利用"比值+主成分分析法"与"主成分分析+能谱-面积法",开展了普朗铜矿区矿化遥感蚀变信息识别,并通过深入分析及野外验证,提出了对普朗铜矿蚀变信息分布特征及找矿潜力地带的新认识:(1)在原蚀变填图工作中判定为青磐岩化带的东部区域,重新进行了蚀变带的划分;(2)东部区域中新划分的钾化硅化带和绢英岩化带,具有较大找矿潜力。本研究可为普朗铜矿找矿勘查提供参考。     

基于相干特征的岩石薄片序列图像边缘提取及颗粒分割

针对岩石颗粒边缘模糊、结构复杂的特点,为了更有效地识别颗粒边缘,在基于特征值的C3相干算法的基础上,融合多尺度和多角度的特征表达,提出了一种改进的C3相干算法。该算法综合考虑岩石薄片图像角度域光学特征、空间尺度信息和各向异性信息,能更有效地表征颗粒边缘特征,表现出对复杂矿物结构的适应能力。在采集的岩石薄片正交偏光图像上验证提出的算法,实验结果表明,与原生C3相干算法相比,改进后的C3相干算法在全局图像上的方差和灰度差分乘积分别提升了68.41%和22.91%,信息熵下降了21.61%。