对流、湿度锋与低空急流的耦合——持续性暴雨维持的一种可能机制

根据暴雨发生和持续依赖于对流层低层水汽辐合的事实,重点针对持续性暴雨维持机制这一重要问题,从天气学和动力学方面分析了1989年7月9～10日四川盆地东部持续性暴雨维持机制。分析结果发现,大气运动非平衡强迫、凝结降水的非均匀分布与强烈垂直风切变的耦合作用、“湿度锋”与低空急流的耦合相互作用通过促进低空辐合流的维持,导致了对流云团和暴雨天气的持续。     

Latent spatio-temporal activity structures: a new approach to inferring intra-urban functional regions via social media check-in data

Abstract

This article introduces a novel low rank approximation (LRA)-based model to detect the functional regions with the data from about 15 million social media check-in records during a year-long period in Shanghai, China. We identified a series of latent structures, named latent spatio-temporal activity structures. While interpreting these structures, we can obtain a series of underlying associations between the spatial and temporal activity patterns. Moreover, we can not only reproduce the observed data with a lower dimensional representative, but also project spatio-temporal activity patterns in the same coordinate system. With the K-means clustering algorithm, five significant types of clusters that are directly annotated with a combination of temporal activities can be obtained, providing a clear picture of the correlation between the groups of regions and different activities at different times during a day. Besides the commercial and transportation dominant areas, we also detected two kinds of residential areas, the developed residential areas and the developing residential areas. We further interpret the spatial distribution of these clusters using urban form analytics. The results are highly consistent with the government planning in the same periods, indicating that our model is applicable to infer the functional regions from social media check-in data and can benefit a wide range of fields, such as urban planning, public services, and location-based recommender systems.     

Information About Low Cloud Amount Recorded in δ~(13)C Series of Tree Ring Cellulose of Pinus Koraiensis in Antu Area, Jilin

Information About Low Cloud Amount Recorded in δ~(13)C Series of Tree Ring Cellulose of Pinus Koraiensis in Antu Area, Jilin@徐海$Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences! Guiyang 550002, China @洪业汤$Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences!Guiyang 550002, China @朱咏喧$Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences!Beijing 100039, China @刘广深$Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences!Beijing 100039, China~~~~…     

低煤阶煤中甲烷扩散性能分析

甲烷在煤基质中的扩散性能是影响煤层气产出的重要储层参数。采用云南东南部地区新近系中新统小龙潭组褐煤样品,开展了低煤阶煤中甲烷等温吸附实验。基于等温吸附实验获得的吸附量与时间的关系数据,应用一元孔隙结构气体非稳态扩散模型,计算了煤中甲烷气体扩散系数,揭示了煤中甲烷扩散规律和控制机理。研究结果表明,低煤阶煤中气体扩散规律服从Langmuir方程,煤中甲烷有效扩散系数和扩散系数随着压力的增高而增大;吸附时间常数随着压力的增高而减小,服从负指数函数规律。4个实验煤样Langmuir有效扩散系数和扩散系数分别是（1.71~5.46）×10^-4 s^-1和（2.17~6.91）×10^-12 m²/s,Langmuir压力为0.63~1.97 MPa。在相同温度和压力条件下,干燥煤样的有效扩散系数和扩散系数大于平衡水分煤样,随着温度的增高,其有效扩散系数和扩散系数增加,煤中气体扩散性能增强。     

塔里木盆地沙漠区低信噪比地震资料静校正和去噪方法

针对塔里木沙漠地区低信噪比地震资料的特点,提出了一套适应沙漠地区低信噪比地震资料处理方法,主要解决了该区静校正、叠前去噪等问题。实际处理中见到了良好的效果。     

Identification of appropriate lags and temporal resolutions for low flow indicators in the River Rhine to forecast low flows with different lead times

The aim of this paper is to assess the relative importance of low flow indicators for the River Rhine and to identify their appropriate temporal lag and resolution. This is done in the context of low flow forecasting with lead times of 14 and 90 days. First, the Rhine basin is subdivided into seven sub‐basins. By considering the dominant processes in the sub‐basins, five low flow indicators were selected: precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, groundwater storage, snow storage and lake storage. Correlation analysis was then carried out to determine the relationship between observed low flows and preselected indicators with varying lags (days) and temporal resolutions (from 1 day to 7 months). The results show that the most important low flow indicators in the Alpine sub‐basins for forecasts with a lead time of 14 days are potential evapotranspiration with a large lag and temporal resolution, and lake levels with a small lag and temporal resolution. In the other sub‐basins groundwater levels with a small lag and temporal resolution are important in addition to potential evapotranspiration with a large lag and temporal resolution. The picture is slightly different for forecasts with a lead time of 90 days. The snow storage in the Alpine sub‐basins and the precipitation in the other sub‐basins also become relevant for low flows. Consequently, the most important low flow indicators in the Alpine sub‐basins for forecasts with a lead time of 90 days are potential evapotranspiration with a large lag and temporal resolution, lake levels with a small lag and temporal resolution and snow storage with a small lag and large temporal resolution. The resultant correlation maps provide appropriate lags and temporal resolutions for indicators to forecast low flows in the River Rhine with different lead times. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PATMOS-x、ISCCP云量产品及地面观测在中国区域的对比分析

利用1986~2006年PATMOS-x 、ISCCP总云量和低云量产品与中国区域地面台站观测的总云量、低云量资料进行对比分析,对比不同来源、不同观测方法造成的云量数据在时间、空间上的差异,为资料使用者提供参考。结果表明,与台站观测资料相比,无论PATMOS-x还是ISCCP其总云量数据的空间分布、与站点观测数据的格点相关性均好于低云量数据;PATMOS-x总云量、低云量多年平均的空间分布较ISCCP更接近站点观测;中国区域平均低云量的线性趋势PATMOS-x与站点观测一致,表现为显著的上升趋势,而ISCCP低云量数据则呈现微弱的下降趋势。     

ElNino事件当年和次年夏季低纬环流特征的初步分析

分析１９５０年以来中等强度以上的ＥｌＮｉｎｏ和ＬａＮｉｎａ当年和次年夏季低纬度风场和５００ｈＰａ高度距平场发现有不同特征。其中中－西太平洋近赤道地区８５０、２００ｈＰａ上风场异常变化十分明显,这种异常变化与南北半球大气相互作用有密切关系。     

Hekla 1947, 1845, 1510 and 1158 tephra in Finland: challenges of tracing tephra from moderate eruptions

Several cryptotephra layers that originate from Icelandic volcanic eruptions with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of ≤ 4 and tephra volumes of < 1 km³ have previously been identified in Northern Europe, albeit within a restricted geographical area. One of these is the Hekla 1947 tephra that formed a visible fall-out in southern Finland. We searched for the Hekla 1947 tephra from peat archives within the previously inferred fall-out zone but found no evidence of its presence. Instead, we report the first identification of Hekla 1845 and Hekla 1510 cryptotephra layers outside of Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Ireland and the UK. Additionally, Hekla 1158 tephra was found in Finland for the first time. Our results confirm that Icelandic eruptions of moderate size can form cryptotephra deposits that are extensive enough to be used in inter-regional correlations of environmental archives and carry a great potential for refining regional tephrochronological frameworks. Our results also reveal that Icelandic tephra has been dispersed into Finnish airspace at least seven times during the past millennium and in addition to a direct eastward route the ash clouds can travel either via a northerly or a southerly transport pathway.     

复杂地层低密度钻井液研究与应用

针对资源开发过程中复杂地层钻探易发生压裂性漏失的问题,优选出适当类型的空心玻璃微珠,对空心玻璃微珠性能进行评价,并从分散稳定性、密度、流变性和滤失性等方面测试其对钻井液性能的影响。通过实验进一步优化得到一种以空心玻璃微珠为减轻剂的低密度钻井液体系,该钻井液具有良好的流变性和滤失性能,分散稳定性极佳。将研发的低密度钻井液体系应用于若尔盖矿区2K12-钻孔,结果表明其适用性良好,有效防止了复杂地层漏失问题的发生。