我国地质岩心钻探设备发展历程及方向

通过回顾我国地质岩心钻探设备发展历程，分析岩心钻探设备的现状，优势和不足，提出了对其今后发展的几点看法。     

乌鲁木齐河山区流域360年径流量的重建

本文利用在乌鲁木齐河山区流域所建立的树轮年表，重建了乌鲁木齐河山区流域３６０年上年７月～当年３月的平均径流量。校准方程的相关系数为０．６７０，交叉检验的误差缩减值达０．３６６。在重建的３６０年径流量的变化中，有４个偏丰期和３个偏枯期，第２，３两个偏丰期与乌鲁木齐河河源１号冰川的两次冰进期相对应。对重建径流量的丰枯频率分析发现，平水年份出现最多，偏枯水年份多于偏丰水年份约５．８％，特枯水年没有出现，特丰水年出现６次，约占１．７％。这表明３６０年来径流量变化基本上稳定。     

Paleoclimatological and paleoenvironmental records since 4 000 a B. P. in sediments of alpine lakes in Taiwan

The 3 310-m-high Chia-min Lake records the climatic history since 4 ka B. P. in Taiwan. The warm/wet period before 2.2 ka B.P. seemed to correspond to the later part of the Holocene Megathermal, and the cold/dry period during 0–2.2 ka B. P. corresponded to the Katathermal. Before the termination of the Megathermal, an especially warm and humid segment (2.2–2.4 ka B. P.) emerged. The paleoclimatic records from Yuen-yang and Chi-tsai Lakes support the notion that the Megathermal in Taiwan terminated during 2—2.3 ka B. P. A warm segment (820–1 320 AD) in the Katathermal could be considered the Medieval Warm Period. The climate turned cold and dry after 1 320 AD and this indicated the onset of the Little Ice Age. These paleoclimatic variations are also in good agreement with those recorded in Great Ghost Lake.     

钻孔岩芯饼状断裂破坏机制

本文首先阐述岩芯饼状断裂及其特征, 进而用断裂力学的理论与方法对岩饼破坏进行了断裂扩张机制的分析, 不但合理地解释了断裂特征及断裂破坏机制, 且以二滩坝址为例, 分析了产生钻孔岩饼的微裂纹条件及应力条件, 为定量地评价坝址地应力状态, 包括其大小及方向提供了一种新的方法。上述不仅具有重要的理论意义, 而且具有重要的工程实际意义。     

我国主要金矿类型中黄铁矿"电子-空穴心"特征及影响因素

通过对我国主要金矿类型中黄铁矿导电类型的分析表明，黄铁矿“电子。空穴心”与金矿床的成因类型具有密切的联系，华北地台太古代变基性火山岩中的金矿床(绿岩带型)、热水淋滤型(卡林型)金矿床，黄铁矿多为单一的“电子心”型导电。大多数产于中生代岩体中的中深脉状金矿、火山次火山岩中的金矿床，黄铁矿为“电子心”、“空穴心”混合型导电，个别的为单一的“空穴心”导电。黄铁矿的“电子．空穴心”受杂质成分As、Co、Nl在成矿背景中的丰度，进入黄铁矿品格中的替代能力的差异、补偿类质同象现象、成矿时温度以及．f(S2)等多种因素的耦合制约。     

Seismic image of the deep crust at the eastern margin of the Alps (Austria): indications for crustal extension in a convergent orogen

A 39-km-long deep seismic reflection profile recorded during two field campaigns in 1996 and 2002 provides a first detailed image of the deep crust at the eastern margin of the Eastern Alps (Austria). The ESE–WNW-trending, low-fold seismic line crosses Austroalpine basement units and extends approximately from 20 km west of the Penninic window group of Rechnitz to 60 km SSE of the Alpine thrust front.The explosive-source seismic data reveals a transparent shallow crust down to 5 km depth, a complexly reflective upper crust and a highly reflective lowermost crust. The upper crust is dominated by three prominent west-dipping packages of high-amplitude subparallel reflections. The upper two of these prominent packages commence at the eastern end of the profile at about 5 and 10 km depth and are interpreted as low-angle normal shear zones related to the Miocene exhumation of the Rechnitz metamorphic core complex. In the western portion of the upper crust, east-dipping and less significant reflections prevail. The lowermost package of these reflections is suggested to represent the overall top of the European crystalline basement.Along the western portion of the line, the lower crust is characterised by a 6–8-km-thick band of high-amplitude reflection lamellae, typically observed in extensional provinces. The Moho can be clearly defined at the base of this band, at approximately 32.5 km depth. Due to insufficient signal penetration, outstanding reflections are missing in the central and eastern portion of the lower crust. We speculate that the result of accompanying gravity measurements and lower crustal sporadic reflections can be interpreted as an indication for a shallower Moho in the east, preferable at about 30.5 km depth.The high reflectivity of the lowermost part of the lower crust and prominent reflection packages in the upper crust, the latter interpreted to represent broad extensional mylonite zones, emphasises the latest extensional processes in accordance with eastward extrusion.     

时空多点连续定向取心技术应用研究

为解决以往定向仪不抗振、岩样采取率不高等问题，利用时间与钻孔空间位置对应的关系，研制成功了KD型定向仪。详细介绍了该定向仪的基本构成、技术参数及现场应用情况。     

Recent progress of glaciological studies in China

1IntroductionIn the early 1960s, glaciers in western China were classified into maritime- and continental-types by different glacial environment and physical characteristics (Shi and Xie, 1964). With extensive glaciological investigations in the western regions (Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology of CAS, 1988), Lai and Huang (1990) suggested a new classification of temperate, subpolar and quasipolar glaciers, corresponding to the maritime-, subcontinental- and extremely contin…     

Recent progress of glaciological studies in China

Glacier inventory compilation during the past 20 years and modifications of that for the Eastern Pamir and Banggong Lake indicate that there are 46,342 modern glaciers with a total area and volume of 59415 km2 and 5601 km3 respectively in China. These glaciers can be classified into maritime and continental (including sub-continental and extremely continental) types. Researches show that glaciers in China have been retreating since the Little Ice Age and the mass wastage was accelerated during the past 30 to 40 years. Being an important part of glaciological studies in China, ice core climatic and environmental studies on Tibetan Plateau and in the Antarctica have provided abundant, high resolution information about past climatic and environmental evolution over the Tibetan Plateau and Antarctica. Except for different parameters recorded in ice cores relating to climate and environment changes on Tibetan Plateau, records from ice cores extracted from different glaciers show that the discrepancies in climatic and environmental changes on the north and south parts of the plateau may be the consequence of different influencing effects from terrestrial and solar sources. Glaciological and meteorological phenomena imply that Lambert Glacier valley is an important boundary of climate in the east Antarctica, which is thought to be connected with cyclonic activities and Circum-polar Waves over the Antarctica.