Conservation Priority Index for Estuarine Fish (COPIEF)

Public awareness regarding environmental issues has increased in recent decades. The increasing number of impact assessment studies, management and conservation plans, as well as ecological monitoring studies, demand new and more efficient techniques. Indices are an important tool to aid biologists in these studies and should allow an easier comprehension of the data by managers, decision-makers and the general public. This study presents the first multi-metrical index able to establish a hierarchical ordination of the conservation priority of the estuarine fish species using 72 species from 16 estuarine systems (W and S coasts of Portugal). The index is composed of 10 metrics, comprising species life traits, distribution and population trends. The information needed to score each metric was gathered from the published literature and the index validation was done by external means. This methodology allowed the definition of those fish species most in need of conservation planning, and those less prone to extinction in Portuguese estuarine systems. The proposed index fills a gap in our knowledge and provides a useful tool to the scientific community and to the decision-makers, being a breakthrough in the field of conservation planning of estuarine fish species.     

基于生态足迹的近海坛紫菜养殖可持续发展评估——以福建晋江为例

紫菜养殖业是福建传统近海渔业养殖类型,具有很高的经济收益.采用生态足迹成分法对晋江近海紫菜养殖生态足迹和生态足迹指数进行了估算,以评估其可持续发展程度.结果表明,2015年该海区紫菜养殖生态足迹为197.313 ghm2,其中人工、能源、基建是对生态足迹贡献的主要因素,相比于鱼和虾的精养、半精养的水产养殖模式,紫菜养殖无需投入饲料,对环境的压力较小.紫菜养殖人均生态足迹为0.009 ghm2/人,生态足迹指数为76.76%,是一种"绿色化"的强可持续发展养殖模式.依据受损和未受损两种情况对生态补偿政策提出建议,需要市场、政府两种转移支付手段配合使用,通过具体措施鼓励和促进紫菜可持续发展模式的发展和优化.     

急性低氧胁迫对卵形鲳鲹选育群体血液生化指标的影响

本文研究了水环境急性低氧胁迫对卵形鲳鲹Trachinotus ovatus选育群体血液生化指标的影响。实验设计了急性低氧试验组和对照组,每组3个平行。结果显示,急性低氧胁迫后选育群体的血清离子含量与对照组相比都有不同程度的升高,其中钠、氯、钙浓度与对照组相比差异显著(p0.05),铁浓度极显著高于对照组(p0.01);血清蛋白、尿酸、肌酐、血脂、血糖等指标的差异较大,其中尿酸、肌酐极显著高于对照组(p0.01),总蛋白、总胆固醇显著低于对照组(p0.05);血清中肌酸激酶含量极显著高于对照组(p0.01),肌酸激酶同工酶显著高于对照组(p0.05),γ-谷氨酰转肽酶含量显著低于对照组(p0.05);其他指标均有不同程度的升高或降低,但差异不显著。研究表明,急性低氧胁迫造成卵形鲳鲹鳃、肾、心脏和肝脏损伤,免疫力下降。     

大沽河地下咸淡水过渡带的水-岩作用模拟

大沽河是青岛市最大的地下水源地,过量开采导致严重的地下咸水入侵,研究地下咸-淡水的地球化学作用对于地下咸水的治理具有重要的指导作用。本文选取大沽河地下咸淡水过渡带作为研究区,在地下水动态监测的基础上,通过地下水水质和含水介质矿物分析,借助当前成熟的水文地球化学模拟软件—PHREEQC 2.0,计算地下水中主要离子和络合离子的含量,定量确定矿物的饱和指数和地下水流向上矿物相与水之间的物质交换量。研究结果表明:(1)地下水中钠、钾、镁、钙主要以单一离子形态存在,硫、碳主要以络阴离子形态存在,而硅和铝主要以络合物形态存在;(2)在地下水流动路径上,方解石、白云石、伊利石、高岭土处于过饱和状态;而石膏、CO2、氯化钠、萤石、玉髓处于不饱和状态;(3)咸淡水过渡带地下水化学类型由HCO3-Ca·Na型水向Cl-Na型水转变的趋势。     

On the recent warming of the southeastern Bering Sea shelf

During the last decade, the southeastern Bering Sea shelf has undergone a warming of 3 °C that is closely associated with a marked decrease of sea ice over the area. This shift in the physical environment of the shelf can be attributed to a combination of mechanisms, including the presence over the eastern Bering Sea shelf of a relatively mild air mass during the winter, especially from 2000 to 2005; a shorter ice season caused by a later fall transition and/or an earlier spring transition; increased flow through Unimak Pass during winter, which introduces warm Gulf of Alaska water onto the southeastern shelf; and the feedback mechanism whereby warmer ocean temperatures during the summer delay the southward advection of sea ice during winter. While the relative importance of these four mechanisms is difficult to quantify, it is evident that for sea ice to form, cold arctic winds must cool the water column. Sea ice is then formed in the polynyas during periods of cold north winds, and this ice is advected southward over the eastern shelf. The other three mechanisms can modify ice formation and melt, and hence its extent. In combination, these four mechanisms have served to temporally and spatially limit ice during the 5-year period (2001–2005). Warming of the eastern Bering Sea shelf could have profound influences on the ecosystem of the Bering Sea—from modification of the timing of the spring phytoplankton bloom to the northward advance of subarctic species and the northward retreat of arctic species.     

广东雷州珍稀海洋生物国家级自然保护区水体和沉积物中石油类含量与分布特征

为了探讨广东雷州珍稀海洋生物国家级自然保护区海域水体和沉积物中石油类的含量及其分布特征,文章于2017年和2018年分别对保护区海域的石油类进行了调查。结果表明,保护区表层水体石油类含量为0.003~0.066mg/L,平均含量为0.015mg/L,平均污染指数为0.30,保护区水体中的石油类基本符合一类海水水质标准。保护区表层沉积物中石油类含量为3.0~54.8mg/kg,平均值为11.109mg/kg,符合海洋沉积物第一类质量标准。保护区水体和沉积物中石油类含量的变化规律基本相似,但是沉积物中石油类含量的变化更大。根据调查数据分析,保护区水体中石油类的主要来源是保护区社区小型渔船航行排放的石油类,以及保护区周边渔船在航行过程排放的石油类扩散到保护区海域。     

百米深桩的施工技术

通过对滨州黄河公路大桥南引桥百米深桩的施工,摸索出一套行之有效的施工方法,从而为该桥的顺利竣工创造了条件和奠定了基础。现简单阐述了对百米深桩倾斜、坍孔、断桩等易出事故的预防施工措施。     

太平洋东边界波浪输运

通过计算2000年涌浪指标(swell index)的全球分布,发现太平洋东边界赤道附近区域存在涌浪池.利用ECMWF再分析波浪资料,计算出2000年全球月平均波浪体积输运.比较2000年全球月平均波浪体积输运和2000年QUICKSCAT月平均风场,发现在赤道太平洋东边界涌浪池区域内的波浪输运方向和风向存在很大的差别,两者方向相差大约90°.这进一步验证了该地区涌浪池存在的真实性.研究发现,赤道太平洋东边界涌浪主要来源于北太平洋和南太平洋的西风带对应的海区.在涌浪池区域内分别在2.5°S和2.5°N取两条边界(边界起点为125°W,终点为美洲大陆西边界),计算通过这两条边界进入赤道区域涌浪的Stokes体积净输运量.结果表明,不同月份通过南、北两条边界波浪的净输运量与当月南、北太平洋西风带的风浪强度密切相关.同时指出了,涌浪的体积输运将会对大洋环流系统产生潜在的重要影响.     

Microhabitat preferences and depth distribution of combtooth blennies (Blenniidae) in the Gulf of Trieste (North Adriatic Sea)

The microhabitat preferences and depth distribution of blenniid species (Blenniidae) in the Gulf of Trieste (North Adriatic Sea) were surveyed using the all‐occurrence sampling method, a non‐destructive visual census method, aided by SCUBA diving. Fourteen species were identified during the entire survey. Four species showed to be indiscriminate in their microhabitat choice while 10 species were classified as infrequent in the surveyed coastal area. A statistically significant correlation was found between the blenniid assemblage and nine microhabitat variables. The blenniid assemblage was divided in two main groups, by the use of canonical correspondence analysis, electivity index, and the depth distribution analysis. The first group comprises species that dwell in surface waters and show a high positive correlation with boulders, the presence of Mytilus galloprovincialis, cirripeds and empty holes bored by Lithophaga lithophaga. The second group includes species that mostly inhabit deeper waters and show a high positive correlation with rocks covered by precoralligenous bioformations.     

Longitudinal and depth variation of bacterioplankton productivity and related factors in a temperate estuary

Bacterioplankton productivity (BP) spatial variation was investigated in relation to potential resources, including primary productivity and dissolved organic matter, in the micro-tidal Neuse River–Pamlico Sound estuarine system, North Carolina, USA. Estuarine BP was predicted to correlate with the trophic gradient, decreasing along the salinity gradient in parallel with the decrease in organic matter and primary productivity. This prediction was tested over four years at spatial scales ranging from kilometers to meters along the riverine axis and with depth. The general pattern of BP across the salinity gradient was unimodal and matched the phytoplankton patterns in peak location and variability. Peak locations varied with discharge, especially in 2003 when above average discharge moved peaks downstream. Spatial coherence of BP with other variables was much less at short time scales. The effect of temperature, nutrients, and phytoplankton on BP varied by location, especially fresh versus brackish stations, although only temperature explained more than 20% of the BP variation. Depth variation of BP was as great as longitudinal variation and bottom samples were often higher than surface. BP was strongly correlated with particulate organic carbon at the pycnocline and bottom, highlighting the importance of particulate matter as a resource. Station-averaged BP and phytoplankton data corresponded well with two published meta-analyses, although the offset of the freshwater station suggested longitudinal differences in community composition or resource availability.