Determination of the effect of initial inner-core structure on tropical cyclone intensification and track on a beta plane

The sensitivity of TC intensification and track to the initial inner-core structure on a β plane is investigated using a numerical model. The results show that the vortex with large inner-core winds(CVEX-EXP) experiences an earlier intensification than that with small inner-core winds(CCAVE-EXP), but they have nearly the same intensification rate after spin-up. In the early stage, the convective cells associated with surface heat flux are mainly confined within the inner-core region in CVEXEXP, whereas the vortex in CCAVE-EXP exhibits a considerably asymmetric structure with most of the convective vortices being initiated to the northeast in the outer-core region due to the β effect. The large inner-core inertial stability in CVEX-EXP can prompt a high efficiency in the conversion from convective heating to kinetic energy. In addition, much stronger straining deformation and PBL imbalance in the inner-core region outside the primary eyewall ensue during the initial development stage in CVEX-EXP than in CCAVE-EXP, which is conducive to the rapid axisymmetrization and early intensification in CVEX-EXP. The TC track in CVEX-EXP sustains a northwestward displacement throughout the integration, whereas the TC in CCAVE-EXP undergoes a northeastward recurvature when the asymmetric structure is dominant. Due to the enhanced asymmetric convection to the northeast of the TC center in CCAVE-EXP, a pair of secondary gyres embedded within the large-scale primary β gyres forms, which modulates the ventilation flow and thus steers the TC to move northeastward.     

基于中心轴线的北太平洋冬季风暴轴分类及其机理研究

利用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料研究了63年（1948～2010年）冬季北太平洋风暴轴的时空演变,提取风暴轴的中心轴线作为研究主体,以风暴轴的经向分布差异为重点,用模糊C均值聚类分析的方法将风暴轴分为平均型、偏北型和偏南型三类,并探讨了各类风暴轴对应的海气异常型及其物理机制。结果表明:（1）三类风暴轴分别显示了风暴轴经向差异的具体物理图像,对应着不同的涡旋移动发展路径,具有明确的天气学意义。通过EOF分解证明本文的分类反映了风暴轴的主要变化特征,物理意义清晰,具有一定的合理性和实用性。（2）三类风暴轴不仅经向差异明显,其北抬南压的纬向位置也存在显著差异,进一步表明该分类方法充分考虑了风暴轴空间分布的经向纬向差异,还揭示了风暴轴多中心的特点。（3）三类风暴轴对应的不同SST异常通过热力过程影响大气的温度场、风场和位势高度场,导致阿留申低压强度位置异常和水平风场异常,进而影响大气斜压性,决定风暴轴的空间分布,是形成不同类型风暴轴的重要原因。     

9012号热带气旋登陆后维持不消的动力机制

分析了影响南海的几类台风路径所对的２００ｈＰａ辐散风场和速度热场的特征,发现２００ｈＰａ辐散风场对台风路径有一定的制约作用。主要体现在：（１）２００ｈＰａ辐散风场表征的季风环流结构的差异决定着台风路径扣期趋势;（２）西太平洋副高所对应的辐散风次级辐台线的走向和西伸程度指示着信风特征,影响台风未来的路径;（３）台风一般向辐散中心以外的次级辐散线西侧２个经距的位置移动,用辐散风环流的物理意义和台风受环     

汤原断陷第三纪地层研究新进展

主要从生物地层学、年代地层学和地球物理地层学三个方面,对汤原断陷近几年来地层研究的最新成果进行了简要论述,建立了１９个化石组合、亚组合,认为本区存在古新统和上新统;获得了１１个裂变径迹年龄数据;在地层倾角测井上识别出了４种沉积相变化模式;完善了本区第三系地层层序。     

青海巴颜喀拉山隆升的热年代学研究

对巴颜喀拉山年宝玉则花岗岩岩体样品的锆石、磷灰石进行了裂变径迹（FT）分析。结果显示该区的隆升可以分为三大阶段：①从低绿片岩相到锆石时钟启动：从200MaBP到105．57MaBP,去顶量约为2km,样品埋深上升到距地表约6km深度。去顶速率约为0．02mm／a;②从锆石时钟启动到磷灰石时钟启动：由于磷灰石在此时已抬升到距地表约6km的深度。由此到达时钟启动需距地表约3km时,去顶量应为3km,此阶段的持续时间为101．53MaBP,去顶速率约为0．03mm／a：③从磷灰石时钟启动至达到地表（至今）：由于磷灰石在前一阶段也已抬升到距地表约3km的深度。即去顶量为3km。此阶段的持续时间为4．04MaBP,去顶速率约为0．74mm／a。     

江苏东海预先导孔（CCSD-PP2）岩心样中磷灰石裂变径迹年龄测定

对中国大陆科学钻探预先导孔(CCSD-PP2)的11个钻孔岩心样进行了裂变径迹年龄测定，其中lO个样品的结果为79.6～52．0Ma。经数学处理后，初步可以看出裂变径迹年龄随深度的变化趋势，并在此基础上，对隆升速度和古地温梯度进行了初步讨论，推算该地块在80．4～52．0Ma以前的隆升速度约为35．0m／Ma，当时的古地温梯度约为35．6℃／km。     

MSComm控件在港口引航中的应用

介绍了MSComm控件和GPS NMEA-0183数据格式，结合SageGuide1．3中航迹法，详细论述了MSComm控件在港口引航中的应用，给出试验结果。     

0216号台风(森拉克)路径分析

针对0216号台风(森拉克)的移动路径，应用MM5对其路径进行模拟，结合GMS逐时的云图资料和其他观测资料，分析其移动路径变化的原因。分析发现，当台风进入弱环境场后，台风东部的热带中尺度低涡与台风互相作用，产生了藤源效应，使台风向西南方向移动；台湾岛地形、沿海槽和台风东侧的新生高压脊是使台风再次向西北移动的主要原因。这些结果对以后类似的台风预报有一定的参考价值。     

气象卫星资料在天气预报分析业务中的应用

对TOVS和云导风非常规反演资料进行了质量控制，并将控制后的反演场与常规观测资料以及T106分析场资料进行变分同化，得到合成分析场。结果表明：在合理的目标函数设计的基础上，合成分析场与仅用常规探空资料相比更接近于实况，弥补了实况资料的不足。运用MICAPS中特有的网格点绘图功能实现了机器自动绘制历史天气图工作。经检验误差较小，线条平滑。该方法为在实时天气图和历史图分析中使用非常规资料提供了一条新的途径，具有一定的实用价值。     

Long-term changes in distribution and chemistry of middle Miocene to Quaternary volcanism in the Chokai-Kurikoma area across the Northeast Japan Arc

Abstract To understand the characteristics of long‐term spatial and temporal variation in volcanism within a volcanic arc undergoing constant subduction since the cessation of back‐arc opening, a detailed investigation of middle Miocene to Quaternary volcanism was carried out within the Chokai‐Kurikoma area of the Northeast Japan Arc. This study involved a survey of available literature, with new K–Ar and fission track dating, and chemical analyses. Since 14 Ma, volcanism has occurred within the Chokai‐Kurikoma area in specific areas with a ‘branch‐like’ pattern, showing an east–west trend. This is in marked contrast to the widespread distribution of volcanism with a north–south trend in the 20–14 Ma period. The east–west‐ trending ‘branches’ are characterized by regular intervals (50–100 km) of magmatism along the arc. These branches since 14 Ma are remarkably discrepant to the general northwest–southeast or north‐northeast–south‐southwest direction of the crustal structures that have controlled Neogene to Quaternary tectonic movements in northeast Japan. In addition, evidence indicating clustering and focusing of volcanism into smaller regions since 14 Ma was verified. Comparison of the distribution and chemistry of volcanic rocks for three principal volcanic stages (11–8, 6–3 and 2–0 Ma) revealed that widely but sparsely distributed volcanic rocks had almost the same level of alkali and incompatible element concentrations throughout the area (with the exception of Zr) in the 11–8 Ma stage. However, through the 6–3 Ma stage to the 2–0 Ma stage, the concentration level in the back‐arc cluster increased, while that in the volcanic front cluster remained almost constant. Therefore, the degree of partial melting has decreased, most likely with a simultaneous increase in the depth of magma segregation within the back‐arc zone, whereas within the volcanic front zone, the conditions of magma generation have changed little over the three stages. In conclusion, the evolution of the thermal structure within the mantle wedge across the arc since 14 Ma has reduced the extent of ascending mantle diapirs into smaller fields. This has resulted in the tendency for the distribution of volcanism to become localized and concentrated into more specific areas in the form of clusters from the late Miocene to Quaternary.