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31.
GPS技术在金川露天矿边坡变形监测中的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文结合金川露天矿边坡变形GPS监测研究,主要论述监测基点的选择,基点WGS-84坐标的确定,变形监测网的布设,GPS数据采集、处理和质量,坐标转换的实施等,给出反演推出的若干四等三角点及其它控制点的变形数据,这些数据和造成变形的物理成因符合得很好,最后概括出GPS技术应用于变形观测的若干优点。 相似文献
32.
Numerical simulation of groundwater flowing to horizontal seepage wells under a river 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
A horizontal seepage well, consisting of an interconnected vertical well, galleries, chambers and small-diameter radiating
bores, is used to acquire relatively clean water that has been filtered through natural alluvial deposits in a riverbed. It
has wide application, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. The lack of calculation formulae or models for horizontal seepage
wells, up until now, has resulted in several false applications. Based on the analysis of groundwater flow characteristics,
it has been concluded that several flow regimes coexist and hydraulic head loss exists in the horizontal seepage well. To
avoid the difficulty of confirming the flux or head distribution in such a complex system, the model boundary of the whole
horizontal seepage well has been moved to that of just the vertical well, and the well-aquifer system was treated as a heterogeneous
medium, where the horizontal seepage well itself is a highly permeability medium. A mathematical model has been developed,
based on the coupled seepage-pipe flow, by the introduction of equivalent hydraulic conductivity according to different flow
regimes. Then a three-dimensional finite difference numerical model, based on the mathematical model, was developed and applied
to a horizontal seepage well in China. The numerical model verified the groundwater flow characteristics of the horizontal
seepage well.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
33.
宽频带海底地震仪(OBS)探测是研究海底深部结构最有效的地球物理方法,其中SKS分裂参数测量已被广泛应用于上地幔各向异性的研究.传统的SKS分裂参数测量需要知道确切的OBS水平分量方位,然而OBS的投放过程是自由式的,其两个水平分量在海底的方位是不确定的.本文通过SKS快慢波的运动学特性,发展了一种在未知OBS水平分量方位的情况下直接求取SKS分裂参数的方法,分别用合成地震图和实际观测到的远震资料对该方法进行了数值检验,表明其是一种有效的获得SKS分裂参数的方法,而且相比于传统的先确定OBS水平分量方位,再进行SKS分裂的方法,此方法能够同时获得SKS分裂参数和OBS水平分量方位,应用简便,且减少了累积误差,获得的SKS分裂参数可靠性更高.
相似文献34.
邓幼俊 《紫金山天文台台刊》1999,18(4):375-379
本文用非线性规划方法探讨了初轨确定问题。测角观测误差看作为参数的微摄动,而非线性规划的灵敏性分析模型(fhp) 建立在无摄动的情况下。由此,得出了在一阶近似下轨道根数计算值和测角观测误差值间关系的分析表达式。 相似文献
35.
Jens Bange Thomas Spieß Marcus Herold Frank Beyrich Barbara Hennemuth 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2006,121(1):127-151
Turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat were measured with the helicopter-borne turbulence probe Helipod over a heterogeneous landscape around the Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg during the STINHO-2 and LITFASS-2003 field experiments. Besides the determination of area-averaged heat fluxes, the analysis focused on different aspects of the response of the turbulent structure of the convective boundary layer (CBL) on the surface heterogeneity. A special flight pattern was designed to study flux profiles both over quasi-homogeneous sub-areas of the study region (representing the major land use types—forest, farmland, water) and over a typical mixture of the different surfaces. Significant differences were found between the heat fluxes over the individual surfaces along flight legs at about 80 m above ground level, in agreement with large-aperture scintillometer measurements. This flux separation was still present during some flights at levels near the middle of the CBL. Different scales for the blending height and horizontal heterogeneity were calculated, but none of them could be identified as a reliable indicator of the mixing state of the lower CBL. With the exception of the flights over water, the latent heat flux measurements generally showed a larger statistical error when compared with the sensible heat flux. Correlation coefficients a nd integral length scales were used to characterise the interplay between the vertical transport of sensible and latent heat, which was found to vary between ‘fairly correlated’ and ‘decoupled’, also depending on the soil moisture conditions. 相似文献
36.
Stability of sandy slopes under seepage conditions 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Stability against shallow mass sliding in saturated sandy slopes under seepage depends on the flow direction and hydraulic
gradient, particularly near the ground surface. Two modes of instability i.e., Coulomb sliding and liquefaction have been
studied and the critical flow directions discussed. The utility of the numerical approach in solving complex flow problems
with irregular boundaries and surface topography is demonstrated by means of two slope examples with different internal drainage
conditions. The numerical results for the seepage gradients at different points are compared with those predicted by the simple
expression derived in this study, and the corresponding effects on the stability are evaluated. 相似文献
37.
38.
根据昆仑山口西8.1级地震前后GPS测点的位移速率,用弹性模型公式计算了地壳应变参数.应变参量的变化表明,震前在地震区附近以压应变为主,应变速率较大.位移速率矢量显示出震前的震中地区相对周围为活动性较弱的“稳定”地区.地壳的形变和应变揭示出孕震体在挤压状态下积累了较高的应变势能.8.1级地震的同时期由于地壳释放了巨大的应变能而应变速率变化显著.计算结果表明,地震所产生的应变达到4.5×10-6以上.发震断裂带的平均左旋走滑量是3.31m(89°E~96°E). 相似文献
39.
40.
应用三维地震资料设计水平井的轨迹,用人工合成记录标定层位和岩性并进行精细的构造解释和储层横向预测,对测区速度场进行研究,利用Geoquest 人机联作解释系统编绘层拉平图、转弯测线剖面图,不整合面构造图,各套油层顶面构造图,沿地层倾向设计水平井的轨迹.经两口井钻探,钻遇不整合面的误差0.19%—0.39%,一口井平均钻遇油层204m,相当9口直井的效益.用地震资料设计巷道水平井的关键是油层标定、深度标定和确定油层走向,用人机联作系统绘制水平切片图、反射波振幅图、油层顶构造图,设计了在油层内钻探的巷道井.经钻探,钻遇不整合面的误差0.07%,在真厚度8.23m 的油层内钻进563m. 相似文献