市域高标准基本农田重点区域划定方法探讨——以山东省日照市为例

高标准基本农田重点区域划定是市级土地整治规划的重要内容。该文采用综合评价法,选取自然条件、基础条件和区域条件3个因素,构建了高标准基本农田重点区域评价指标体系。以山东省日照市为例,进行实证分析,结合农业发展规划,确定6个高标准基本农田建设重点区域,涉及12个乡镇。该方法使高标准基本农田建设重点区的划定更加科学化。     

Accuracy assessment of airborne photogrammetrically derived high-resolution digital elevation models in a high mountain environment

High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) generated by airborne remote sensing are frequently used to analyze landform structures (monotemporal) and geomorphological processes (multitemporal) in remote areas or areas of extreme terrain. In order to assess and quantify such structures and processes it is necessary to know the absolute accuracy of the available DEMs. This study assesses the absolute vertical accuracy of DEMs generated by the High Resolution Stereo Camera-Airborne (HRSC-A), the Leica Airborne Digital Sensors 40/80 (ADS40 and ADS80) and the analogue camera system RC30. The study area is located in the Turtmann valley, Valais, Switzerland, a glacially and periglacially formed hanging valley stretching from 2400 m to 3300 m a.s.l. The photogrammetrically derived DEMs are evaluated against geodetic field measurements and an airborne laser scan (ALS). Traditional and robust global and local accuracy measurements are used to describe the vertical quality of the DEMs, which show a non Gaussian distribution of errors. The results show that all four sensor systems produce DEMs with similar accuracy despite their different setups and generations. The ADS40 and ADS80 (both with a ground sampling distance of 0.50 m) generate the most accurate DEMs in complex high mountain areas with a RMSE of 0.8 m and NMAD of 0.6 m They also show the highest accuracy relating to flying height (0.14‰). The pushbroom scanning system HRSC-A produces a RMSE of 1.03 m and a NMAD of 0.83 m (0.21‰ accuracy of the flying height and 10 times the ground sampling distance). The analogue camera system RC30 produces DEMs with a vertical accuracy of 1.30 m RMSE and 0.83 m NMAD (0.17‰ accuracy of the flying height and two times the ground sampling distance). It is also shown that the performance of the DEMs strongly depends on the inclination of the terrain. The RMSE of areas up to an inclination <40° is better than 1 m. In more inclined areas the error and outlier occurrence increase for all DEMs. This study shows the level of detail to which airborne stereoscopically derived DEMs can reliably be used in high mountain environments. All four sensor systems perform similarly in flat terrain.     

基于立体模型重叠度的航空摄影航线设计

针对地表起伏较大的山地或市区立体测图,提出一种基于立体模型重叠度的重叠度计算方案.与以往相比,它不计算相邻相片的实际重叠度,而是通过基于数字表面模型(DSM)计算相邻立体模型的实际重叠度来设计航线.试验表明,这一方案不仅能更好地满足立体测图对立体模型重叠度的要求,还能大幅减少相片和航线.     

基于DEM的机载LiDAR航线设计

本文参照我国航空摄影标准中有关相机的部分,深入研究了基于DEM的机载LiDAR航线设计中的关键技术,并研发出了LiDAR航线设计系统.试验表明,与传统航线设计方式相比,基于DEM的航线设计方式能够设计出更为准确、合理的航线.     

海岸带、海岛(礁)数字航空摄影方案优化策略

针对数字航空摄影作业技术流程中的作业标准、精度要求以及各关键指标的控制等问题,从数字航空摄影的技术计划制定、航线规划和各项技术指标的确定等方面入手,对基于海岸带、海岛(礁)特征的航摄分区、航线敷设、地面分辨率的确定、航摄季节与时间选择以及POS辅助航空摄影方案选择等内容进行了研究,为获取满足海洋测绘指标要求的航空摄影数据源提供支持。     

利用低空视频检测道路车辆

针对背景像素的移动,提出了SURF特征稳像和光流法向量相结合的新方法来解决低空视频的道路车辆检测。首先,检测两帧图像的SURF特征;再用最近邻匹配得到两幅图像的匹配点对;随后结合RANSAC和最小二乘法计算全局运动参数向量,获得稳定的帧;最后,根据稳定的帧计算光流法向量,并检测出运动车辆。实验结果表明,基于SURF算子的图像稳像算法在不损失稳像精度的前提下,能够提高图像稳像算法的速度,所提方法能够有效地检测出运动车辆。     

Changes in Wind Speed and Extremes in Beijing during 1960--2008 Based on Homogenized Observations

Daily observations of wind speed at 12 stations in the Greater Beijing Area during 1960–2008 were homogenized using the Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization method. The linear trends in the regional mean annual and seasonal (winter, spring, summer and autumn) wind speed series were-0.26,-0.39,-0.30,-0.12 and-0.22 m s-1 (10 yr)-1 , respectively. Winter showed the greatest magnitude in declining wind speed, followed by spring, autumn and summer. The annual and seasonal frequencies of wind speed extremes (days) also decreased, more prominently for winter than for the other seasons. The declining trends in wind speed and extremes were formed mainly by some rapid declines during the 1970s and 1980s. The maximum declining trend in wind speed occurred at Chaoyang (CY), a station within the central business district (CBD) of Beijing with the highest level of urbanization. The declining trends were in general smaller in magnitude away from the city center, except for the winter case in which the maximum declining trend shifted northeastward to rural Miyun (MY). The influence of urbanization on the annual wind speed was estimated to be about-0.05 m s-1 (10 yr)-1 during 1960–2008, accounting for around one fifth of the regional mean declining trend. The annual and seasonal geostrophic wind speeds around Beijing, based on daily mean sea level pressure (MSLP) from the ERA-40 reanalysis dataset, also exhibited decreasing trends, coincident with the results from site observations. A comparative analysis of the MSLP fields between 1966–1975 and 1992–2001 suggested that the influences of both the winter and summer monsoons on Beijing were weaker in the more recent of the two decades. It is suggested that the bulk of wind in Beijing is influenced considerably by urbanization, while changes in strong winds or wind speed extremes are prone to large-scale climate change in the region.     

风电场对气候变化影响研究进展

综述了国际评估风电场对局地和全球气候变化的短期和较长期的可能影响,并且将其影响与人类排放的影响作简单的对比.大量的观测和数值模拟研究表明,风电场的运行明显减小下游风速,同时随局地近地层稳定度的不同也造成下游温度明显上升或下降.一些数值模拟研究表明,如果全球建立大量大型风电场,例如假定全球使用风能占总能源10％以上,即全...     

不良天气条件下妃子笑荔枝螺旋环剥增产效果分析

在妃子笑荔枝将要进入花芽分化期时实施螺旋环剥,观测其各生育期及产量构成要素。结果表明螺旋环剥在不良天气条件下的增产效果明显．其原因是：在秋、冬季气温偏高的天气条件下,螺旋环剥能抑制冬梢抽发,促进花芽分化,有利开花结果;螺旋环剥能推迟花期,有利于避过花期低温连阴雨天气的不良影响;春季气温偏高的天气条件下,螺旋环剥能抑制“...     

百色高空气象探测报文质量提高方法研究

按照中国气象局推行的以“高空探空和测风报文的到报情况”、“报文资料达到最高标准层情况”、“报文资料与初估场均偏差情况”等几方面对高空气象观测报文质量进行系统性评估的方法,对百色站高空气象观测报文的质量进行统计、分析。从中得出制约高空气象探测报文质量提高的关键问题,并提出相应的有针对性的解决方法。