克拉玛依油田八区克下组沉积特征研究

克拉玛依油田八区克下组油藏属山前陆相盆地边缘冲积扇成因砾岩油藏,油藏单一扇体具独立成藏体系。研究中需区分不同扇体,厘清扇体展布及演化特征,为油藏后期精细开发提供依据。在沉积微相特征分析基础上,充分运用砾岩组分和重矿物资料,落实八区克下组发育的3大冲积扇体,发现扇体具明显区带性,自下而上呈退积式演化特征。对油田生产状况分析认为,八区克下组油藏产能及剩余油分布受沉积微相控制,其中主槽和辫流线为最有利相带,具高产特征,是剩余油主要分布区。     

Mobilization of Ag,heavy metals and Eu from the waste deposit of the Las Herrerias mine (Almería,SE Spain)

We studied the mobility of silver, heavy metals and europium in waste from the Las Herrerías mine in Almería (SE Spain). The most abundant primary mineral phases in the mine wastes are hematite, hydrohematite, barite, quartz, muscovite, anorthite, calcite and phillipsite. The minor phase consisted of primary minerals including ankerite, cinnabar, digenite, magnesite, stannite, siderite and jamesonite, and secondary minerals such as glauberite, szomolnokite, thenardite and uklonscovite. The soils show high concentrations of Ag (mean 21.6 mg kg^–1), Ba (mean 2.5%), Fe (mean 114,000 mg kg^–1), Sb (mean 342.5 mg kg^–1), Pb (mean 1,229.8 mg kg^–1), Zn (mean 493 mg kg^–1), Mn (mean 4,321.1 mg kg^–1), Cd (mean 1.2 mg kg^–1) and Eu (mean 4.0 mg kg^–1). The column experiments showed mobilization of Ag, Al, Ba, Cu, Cd, Eu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sb, Pb and Zn, and the inverse modelling showed that the dissolution of hematite, hausmannite, pyrolusite and anglesite can largely account for the mobilization of Fe, Mn and Pb in the leaching experiment. The mobility of silver may be caused by the presence of kongsbergite and chlorargyrite in the waste, while the mobility of Eu seems to be determined by Eu(OH)₃, which controls the solubility of Eu in the pH–Eh conditions of the experiments. The mineralogy, pH, Eh and geochemical composition of the mine wastes may explain the possible mobilization of heavy metals and metalloids. However, the absence of contaminants in the groundwater may be caused by the carbonate-rich environment of “host-rocks” that limits their mobility.     

Geoaccumulation and distribution of heavy metals in the urban river sediment

Current study presents the application of chemometric techniques to comprehend the interrelations among sediment variables whilst identifying the possible pollution source at Langat River,Malaysia.Surface sediment samples（0-10 cm）were collected at 22 sampling stations and analyzed for total metals（~（48）Cd,~（29）Cu,~（30）Zn,~（82）Pb）,pH,redox potential（Eh）,salinity,electrical conductivity（EC）,loss on ignition（LOI）and cation exchange capacity（CEC）.The principal component analysis（PCA）scrutinized the origin of environmental pollution by various anthropogenic and natural activities：four principal components were obtained with 86.34%（5 cm）and88.34%（10 cm）.Standard,forward and backward stepwise discriminant analysis effectively discriminate 2variables（84.06%）indicating high variation of heavy metals accumulation at both depth.The cluster analysis accounted for high input of Zn and Pb at LA8,LA 10,LA 11 and LA 12 that mergers three（5 cm）and four（10cm）into clusters.This is consistent with the contamination factor（C_1）that shows high Cd（LA 1）and Pb（LA 7,LA 8,LA 10,LA 11 and LA 12）contaminations at 5cm.These indicate that Pb and Zn are the most bioavailable metals in the sediment with significant positive linear relationship at both sediment depths.Therefore,this approach is a good indication of environmental pollution status that transfers new findings on the assessment of heavy metals by interpreting large complex datasets and predicting the fate of heavy metals in the sediment.     

首都机场大雾的分类特征和统计分析

普查了1999～2006年首都机场逐时的风、温、压、湿和能见度资料以及首都机场自动观测系统(AWOS)的连续自动记录资料,对出现的大雾过程进行分类,并分别统计分析了各类大雾出现的时序特征、背景场特征以及出现前和消失时的气压、风场等物理量特征.分析发现首都机场的大雾过程以辐射雾为主,出现前湿度递增,风向以东南风和东北偏东风较多;平流雾以东南和偏东方向平流为主,出现前湿度突增,能见度急速降低,81.8%的平流雾达到了重雾的标准,重雾的出现率高,对飞行危害最大.锋面雾多为本站处于冷锋前部,伴随平流或辐射过程的持续性大雾,出现时间早于辐射雾,多集中在傍晚到夜间,持续时间长,锋面过境后大雾才能消散.     

台风降水云区中单站强降水诊断分析和预报

实际工作表明,在台风降水云区中,有的站点有大暴雨、有的站点无大暴雨发生。这给单站预报带来较大难度。为了提高降水云区中单站大暴雨预报准确率,本文利用T213客观分析场和预报产品,采用多种物理量综合诊断分析方法,对登陆台风“云娜”在西进途中多站点进行水汽来源、不稳定层结的维持以及次生中尺度辐合等方面的研究,探讨单站大暴雨发生、发展机制和不发生大暴雨的成因。结果表明:单站有大暴雨发生的主要成因是有次级环流出现,如:站点上空∑θse(5 7 8)≥230℃。站点200 hPa为明显的负温度平流,850 hPa为明显的正温度平流。站点高低层均为正涡度中心,且低层的正值大于高层的正值。高低层散度都为负值中心;或高层为正值中心、低层为负值中心。站点垂直运动中心速度值要达-140×10-3hPa/s以下。站点需要有源源不断的充足水汽的供给和辐合。台风中心西北部水汽通量大值区靠近台风中心西部干舌梯度最大处以及风向和风速辐合最大处。在台风降水云区中,当站点满足上述各要素时大暴雨易发生。     

用PP方法做河北省雾的分县预报

利用 1 96 0～ 1 999年 4 0年的气候资料 ,运用天气学原理和气候统计学方法 ,分析了雾与气象要素的关系。使用常规气象资料、利用T1 0 6数值预报产品和PP方法 ,分别制作了 2 4小时、4 8小时河北省雾的区域预报和分县预报     

Estimating fog deposition at a Puerto Rican elfin cloud forest site: comparison of the water budget and eddy covariance methods

The deposition of fog to a wind‐exposed 3 m tall Puerto Rican cloud forest at 1010 m elevation was studied using the water budget and eddy covariance methods. Fog deposition was calculated from the water budget as throughfall plus stemflow plus interception loss minus rainfall corrected for wind‐induced loss and effect of slope. The eddy covariance method was used to calculate the turbulent liquid cloud water flux from instantaneous turbulent deviations of the surface‐normal wind component and cloud liquid water content as measured at 4 m above the forest canopy. Fog deposition rates according to the water budget under rain‐free conditions (0·11 ± 0·05 mm h^?1) and rainy conditions (0·24 ± 0·13 mm h^?1) were about three to six times the eddy‐covariance‐based estimate (0·04 ± 0·002 mm h^?1). Under rain‐free conditions, water‐budget‐based fog deposition rates were positively correlated with horizontal fluxes of liquid cloud water (as calculated from wind speed and liquid water content data). Under rainy conditions, the correlation became very poor, presumably because of errors in the corrected rainfall amounts and very high spatial variability in throughfall. It was demonstrated that the turbulent liquid cloud water fluxes as measured at 4 m above the forest could be only ～40% of the fluxes at the canopy level itself due to condensation of moisture in air moving upslope. Other factors, which may have contributed to the discrepancy in results obtained with the two methods, were related to effects of footprint mismatch and methodological problems with rainfall measurements under the prevailing windy conditions. Best estimates of annual fog deposition amounted to ～770 mm year^?1 for the summit cloud forest just below the ridge top (according to the water budget method) and ～785 mm year^?1 for the cloud forest on the lower windward slope (using the eddy‐covariance‐based deposition rate corrected for estimated vertical flux divergence). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

3D MODEL STUDY ON FOG OVER COMPLEX TERRAIN—PART Ⅱ:NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT

A series of numerical sensitivity experiments on Chongqing fog are made using the 3D fog model overcomplex terrain.Some factors affecting Chongqing fog are studied.     

2010年11月大气环流和天气分析

2010年11月大气环流主要特征是:北半球高纬度地区为单一极涡,极涡中心位于新地岛以北,强度比常年略偏强.中高纬环流呈三波型分布,其中欧洲大槽较常年同期偏强,东亚大槽强度接近常年同期.亚洲以正高度距平为主,只有西伯利亚地区呈现负距平,表明冷空气势力较常年同期偏弱.西北太平洋副热带高压面积接近常年同期,强度略偏弱,脊线位...