铁路碎石道碴层导热系数测试研究

采用稳态比较法，对铁路碎石道碴层的导热系数进行了测试．试验在常温条件下，分别对底部加热及顶部加热两种情况进行了研究．结果表明：当碎石道碴层顶、底面之间的温差较小时，顶部加热及底部加热两种试验条件下测得的导热系数基本相同；而当碎石道碴层顶、底面温差较大时，底部加热条件下的导热系数明显地大于顶部加热条件下的导热系数．在底部加热条件下，碎石道碴层的导热系数随温差的增大而逐渐增大．碎石道碴层具有吸热和放热条件下传热的不对称性，合理地利用碎石道碴层的这一传热特性，可望对路基下多年冻土起到积极的保护作用。     

Measuring the k–S–p relations on DNAPLs migration

Migration characteristics of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) in the subsurface can be expressed as a water–DNAPL two-phase system based on mainly the k–S–p relations, which describe the relations among relative permeability (k), degree of water saturation (S), and capillary pressure head (p). The aims of this research are to develop an experimental system with new type of probes, such as the electrical conductivity probe for measuring the degree of water saturation and the hydrophilic and hydrophobic tensiometer for measuring the pore water and DNAPL pressures, and also to estimate the results obtained from the developed experimental system. From these tests, the excellent k–S–p relations were obtained and the efficiency and validity of this developed experimental system have been confirmed in terms of the concept of the scaling coefficient calculated by interfacial tensions.     

Global thermal and dynamical perturbations due to Cretaceous mantle avalanche

The numerical models of mantle convection agree to depict avalanches behaviour according to the level of endothermicity of the spinel → perovskite phase change. Their potential effects on the global thermal and dynamical states of the mantle have been computed thanks to a numerical code, which takes into account both the 400-km exothermic and the 660-km endothermic phase changes. The cycle followed by the avalanches is: local layering, destabilization of the 660-km thermal layer, travelling and spreading on the core, and reappearing of the local layering. Therefore, mantle convection is characterized by quiet periods of partial layering embedded in catastrophic events. During the avalanche, the amplitude of the surface velocity is multiplied by two, which would imply an enhanced plate tectonic and ridge activities. The global thermal effects of the avalanche are compatible with a high mantle temperature and an acceleration of Earth's rotation during the Cretaceous. They also offer a coherent explanation to locate the origin of mantle plumes both within the CMB and just below the transition zone.     

兰州地区深部电性结构的初步研究

利用兰州地区现有的大地电磁资料，对该区的深部电性结构进行了初步研究。结果表明，兰州地区各地质构造单元的电性差异较明显，与区域构造有较好的对应性。     

上地幔变黏度小尺度对流的数值研究

基于二维模型，利用有限元方法，研究上地幔-岩石圈系统的变黏度小尺度对流. 考虑该系统的黏度随温度以指数形式变化，数值结果表明，当黏度随温度变化较剧烈时，由于低温高黏度，系统的最上部物质不参与对流，系统发育形成一个类似于岩石圈的静止盖层. 计算表面热流、地形起伏及重力异常与对流格局有较好的相关性，高热流、上升地形对应于对流的上升区，反之低热流、下降地形与对流的下降区对应.     

耦合海-气环流模式中双热带辐合带现象及其热收支分析

文中研究了耦合海-气环流模式中的双热带辐合带(Double ITCZ)现象,并对这一现象的成因从海洋热量收支的角度进行了初步分析。Double ITCZ现象是在热带太平洋赤道南北两侧各出现一条ITCZ的现象,这是耦合海-气环流模式中的较为普遍的一种异常现象,与实际气候中出现的Double ITCZ现象并非指同一问题。文中对比观测和模式结果,指出了Double ITCZ现象的主要特征,针对它的出现过程进行细致分析,再利用模式输出的热量收支各项进行统计,得到了从海洋热收支分析得到的海表温度变化原因。与观测到的正常模态相比,Double ITCZ是一个异常的模态,它的特征突出地表现为西太平洋暖池区的降温和东南太平洋10°S附近的升温。海洋热量收支分析表明,暖池区的降温主要是受到扩散的作用,而表层平流的异常增暖在决定异常辐合带区升温过程中占第一位的作用。     

地磁1年周期变化的响应函数

用通日月均值减去夜均值计算的月均值资料和Ｓｏｍｐｉ谱分析法分析了１４个台站的北向分量１年周期变化的振幅向相位，时段为１９８４－１９８８年。分析结果显示用Ｐ＾０ｎ（ｄｎｄ＝１，…，６）复合模式的估算的Ｃ值较合理。各台的Ｃ值比较一致。     

岩矿石电磁频散规律及其在电磁波法勘探中的影响和校正

本文以大量的实测资料为依据,总结了岩矿石电磁频散的规律性。结合电磁波勘探方法中的实际问题,讨论了频散对相位常数α和吸收系数β所产生的影响及误差。提出了在实际工作中对频散进行校正的必要性,并且给出了校正公式。     

The phytoplankton of some saline lakes in Central Asia

The Aral Sea, Lake Balkhash, and Lake Kamyslybas are closed lakes in Central Asia. They range from oligosaline to metasaline. The salinity of the Aral Sea has increased by more than 30 g L⁻¹ since widespread irrigation began in its catchment area. Few studies of the phytoplankton have been conducted on these lakes since extensive irrigation started. The investigation reported here compares the flora of phytoplankton in these saline lakes. In the Small Aral Sea, phytoplankton density gradually decreased with increasing electrical conductivity (EC) (∼ salinity), but there was no such relation in Lake Balkhash and Lake Kamyslybas. In the Aral Sea, Dinophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were frequently observed in most areas of high EC value, and Cyanophyceae were most conspicuous in the area of medium and lower EC values. In Lake Balkhash, Cyanophyceae were most conspicuous, but Chlorophyceae were also noticeable. Most Cyanophyceae in Aral Sea formed filaments with heterocysts. The distinct characteristic of the phytoplankton of the Lake Balkhash was that all dominant species form colonies covered with a gelatinous film. Siliceousplankton diversity gradually decreased with increasing EC values in the Aral Sea and Lake Balkhash.