东海陆架区地热研究

通过对东海陆架八口石油钻井岩岩芯采样，测定其热导率，并求取对应的地温梯度，据傅立叶定律计算单井的热流密度，在５６－８８．６０ｍＷ／ｍ＾２之间，填补了东海陆架热流值测定的空白。     

Heat Transport Processes in the Earth’s Crust

The heat of the Earth derives from internal and external sources. A heat balance shows that most of the heat provided by external sources is re-emitted by long-wavelength heat radiation and that the dominant internal sources are original heat and heat generated by decay of unstable radioactive isotopes. Understanding of the thermal regime of the Earth requires appreciation of properties and mechanisms for heat generation, storage, and transport. Both experimental and indirect methods are available for inferring the corresponding rock properties. Heat conduction is the dominant transport process in the Earth’s crust, except for settings where appreciable fluid flow provides a mechanism for heat advection. For most crustal and mantle rocks, heat radiation becomes significant only at temperatures above 1200°C.

A heat perturbation flow meter for application in soft sediments

A prototype flow meter has been developed, based upon the heat perturbation principle, to monitor groundwater specific discharge in soft sediments. The device is designed for use in spatially intensive, long-term monitoring campaigns in remote or inconvenient locations, and is cheap, robust and capable of being logged automatically. The results of the laboratory tests indicate that the heat perturbation principle is suitable for determining the magnitude of specific discharge to a degree of accuracy that would be useful in practical applications in dynamic groundwater systems with rapidly changing flows of approximately 1 md⁻¹ or more and that the groundwater flow direction can generally be determined to a high level of precision. The accuracy and reliability of the estimates of specific discharge have been shown to depend strongly upon the geometrical precision of manufacture and the quality of the temperature monitoring system. These factors become most significant in the estimation of lower flows and further investigation is required to determine the detection limit of the device. Specific discharge estimates have been shown to be insensitive to dispersivity values appropriate to the scale of the device. Unlike the majority of heat perturbation devices, calibration is unnecessary.     

井水温度微动态及其形成机制

介绍了我国地震地下水温度观测概况及已获得的微动态现象, 即水温固体潮、 水温同震效应、 水温前兆异常等, 并对其形成机理做了理论分析。 提出水温微动态形成机理研究应从二个地温梯度、 二个对流、 一个传导、 一个扩散等热系统与热过程去考虑。     

Heat budget for a shallow,sinuous salt marsh estuary

An experimental study of temperature cycles and the heat budget in the Duplin River, a tidal creek bordered by extensive intertidal salt marshes, was carried out in late summer of 2003 and spring of 2004 near Sapelo Island on the central Georgia coast in the southeastern US. Three water masses are identified with differing temperature and salinity regimes, the characteristics of which are dictated by channel morphology, tidal communication with the neighboring sound, ground water hydrology, the extent of local intertidal salt marshes and side channels and the spring–neap tidal cycle (which controls both energetic mixing and, presumably, ground water input). For the first experiment, heat budgets are constructed for the upper (warmer) and lower (cooler) areas of the Duplin River showing the diminishing importance of tidal advection away from the mouth of the creek along with the concomitant increase in the importance of both direct atmospheric fluxes and of interactions with the marsh and side creeks. The second experiment, in the spring of 2004, reexamines the heat budget on seasonal and daily averaged scales revealing the decreased importance of advective fluxes relative to direct atmospheric fluxes on this scale but the constant importance of marsh/creek interactions regardless of time scale or season. Short period temperature fluctuations which affect larval development are examined and analogies are drawn to use heat to understand the marsh as a source of sediment, carbon and other nutrients.     

南极近地层大气的热量逆梯度输送现象

根据南极中山站观测结果 ,分析了南极地区近地层热量逆梯度输送的现象。结果表明南极地区在近地层逆温较明显时 ,常会出现热量逆梯度输送的现象 ;同时也探讨了近地层在稳定层结条件下 ,热量逆梯度输送通量的多尺度计算方法。计算结果表明 ,逆梯度输送的感热通量主要是由浮力湍涡的穿越能力决定的 ,而经典的梯度输送公式在该场合下无法使用。     

Pyroclast/snow interactions and thermally driven slurry formation. Part 1: Theory for monodisperse grain beds

Received: 15 March 1999 / Accepted: 9 December 1999     

6 kV电缆中间接头故障原因分析及制作工艺改进

6k V电缆中间接头的爆炸是工厂配电设备的常见故障。本文从电缆的绝缘结构方面入手 ,以绝缘热击穿理论分析了湛江电厂 # 3循环水泵电机电缆中间接头爆炸原因 ,查找导致电缆头热击穿的关键因素并进行排除 ,运用新的材料与方法重新制作 # 3循环水泵电机电缆中间接头 ,运行可靠性大有提高。改进的结果表明 ,减少缆芯的接触电阻和环境温度与绝缘结构的适当选取是杜绝高压电缆中间接头爆炸的关键。     

Estimation of the Land Surface Emissivity in the Hinterland of Taklimakan Desert

An accurate accounting of land surface emissivity(ε) is important both for the retrieval of surface temperatures and the calculation of the longwave surface energy budgets.Since ε is one of the important parameterizations in land surface models(LSMs),accurate accounting also improves the accuracy of surface temperatures and sensible heat fluxes simulated by LSMs.In order to obtain an accurate emissivity,this paper focuses on estimating ε from data collected in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert by two different methods.In the first method,ε was derived from the surface broadband emissivity in the 8–14 μm thermal infrared atmospheric window,which was determined from spectral radiances observed by field measurements using a portable Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,the mean ε being 0.9051.The second method compared the observed and calculated heat fluxes under nearneutral atmospheric stability and estimated ε indirectly by minimizing the root-mean-square difference between them.The result of the second method found a mean value of 0.9042,which is consistent with the result by the first method.Although the two methods recover ε from different field experiments and data,the difference of meanvalues is 0.0009.The first method is superior to the indirect method,and is also more convenient.