正交实验法在测绘中的应用

以检测数字水准仪及标尺综合精度为例，介绍了正交实验法在测绘领域中的应用。     

正交实验法在测绘仪器检定中的应用

在测绘生产和科研项目中，为了改革旧工艺或对新仪器，新产品,经常需要做多因素实验，如何安排多因素实验，是一个很值得研究的问题，文中以数字水准仪及标尺综合精度的检定为例，介绍了正交实验法在测绘仪器检定中的应用。     

机载GPS、姿态和激光扫描测距集成定位系统的精确定位方程、误差分析与精度评估

全球定位系统（GPS），姿态测量（惯性导航系统（INS））和激光扫描测距技术集成的直接空对地定位系统是近年来遥感与测绘领域发展起来的新型定位技术，是定量化三维遥感中获取地面几何信息和生成数字高程模型的主要新技术手段之一。该文给出了该系统的精确定位方程，分析了误差源对定位精度的影响，并给出了数量级评估。结果对实际应用具有重要的参考价值。     

沉积有机质激光热裂解色谱质谱探针分析技术的尝试及其前景探讨

激光热裂解－色谱－质谱分析方法具有从技术层面上融合分子地球化学方法和有机岩石学方法的潜能。通过抚顺煤镜质组分和树脂体的研究实例，介绍了激光热裂解－色谱－质谱探针分析的基本原理及测试方法。抚顺煤显微组分的微区热裂解产物特征中，镜质组和树脂体热解产物的正烷烃、烷基萘和四氢化萘的总体面貌相似，但树脂体中正烷烃含量较低，而烷基四氢化萘明显较高，这可能反映显微组分形成过程中发生过低分子烃类在各显微组分之间的混合作用。除此之外，还把激光热裂解－色谱－质谱探针技术与传统的分子地球化学方法、有机岩石学方法进行比较。探讨了激光热裂解－色谱－质谱探针技术的应用前景以及尚待解决的技术问题。落射到样品表面的激光束能量（温度）和控制和激光辐射时间的，激光束斑大小、热解产物量、色谱－质谱检验灵敏度极限三者关系等，都是限制新技术应用的技术问题。     

地幔流体及其成矿作用

高灵敏度、高精密度、低检出限、多元素同时检测并可提供同位素组成比值信息的等离子体质谱与高空间分辨率的紫外激光采样技术结合 ,可定量地测定单个流体包裹体中常、微量元素含量 ,为成矿流体的研究提供了一个新的研究手段。文中简要地介绍了激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱 (LA ICP MS)分析仪器的发展 ,结合实验室的研究工作 ,就激光剥蚀池的设计、单个流体包裹体的剥蚀方法、元素的分馏效率、定量校正技术及其在成矿成因物理化学机制研究中的应用等进行评述 ,并阐述单个流体包裹体元素组成的LA ICP MS分析技术存在的局限和发展趋势。     

Lunar Laser Ranging: Glorious Past And A Bright Future

Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR), a part of the NASA Apollo program, has beenon-going for more than 30 years. It provides the grist for a multi-disciplinarydata analysis mill. Results exist for solid Earth sciences, geodesy and geodynamics,solar system ephemerides, terrestrial and celestial reference frames, lunar physics,general relativity and gravitational theory. Combined with other data, it treatsprecession of the Earth's spin axis, lunar induced nutation, polar motion/Earthrotation, Earth orbit obliquity to the ecliptic, intersection of the celestial equatorwith the ecliptic, luni-solar solid body tides, lunar tidal deceleration, lunar physicaland free librations, structure of the moon and energy dissipation in the lunar interior.LLR provides input to lunar surface cartography and surveying, Earth station and lunar retroreflector location and motion, mass of the Earth-moon system, lunar and terrestrial gravity harmonics and Love numbers, relativistic geodesic precession, and the equivalence principle of general relativity. With the passive nature of the reflectors and steady improvement in observing equipment and data analysis, LLR continues to provide state-of-the-art results. Gains are steady as the data-base expands. After more than 30 years, LLR remains the only active Apollo experiment. It is important to recognize examples of efficient and cost effective progress of research. LLR is just such an example.     

Normal Point Algorithm For Reduction Of Two Colour Slr Observations

Two colour laser ranging to artificial satellites is an attractivetechnique, which is capable to provide refraction corrected ranges without the need of an atmospheric model by measuring the dispersive delay of laser pulses of different wavelength. Although the required accuracy of the detection scheme is stringent, the technique has matured so far, that routine two colour observationsbecame feasible.The present paper describes a normal point procedure reducing two colour laser range observations with respect to the dispersive delay,exploiting the knowledge of satellite response signatures in conjunction with detector characteristics and the appropriate center of mass correction models.Moreover the dispersion model of the atmosphere is briefly reviewed, paying attention to the wavelength domains provided by modern twocolour ranging lasers, e.g., the Ti:SAP laser.Preliminary data is presented and compared to both, normal point data reduced with a standard procedure and zenith path equivalent meteorological parameters.     

Trace Elements Analysis of Geological Samples by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

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