New Approaches and Markers for Identifying Secondary Biogenic Coalbed Gas

According to the adsorption-desorption characteristics of coalbed gas and analysis of various experimental data, this paper proposes that the generation of secondary biogenic gas (SBG) and its mixing of with the residual thermogenic gas at an early stage inevitably lead to secondary changes of the thermogenic gas and various geochemical additive effects. Experimental results also show that the fractionation of the carbon isotope of methane of coal core desorption gas changes very little; the δ13C1 value of the mixed gas of biogenic and thermogenic gases is between the δ13C1 values of the two “original” gases, and the value is determined by the carbon isotopic compositions and mixing proportions of the two “original” methanes. Therefore this paper proposes that the study on the secondary changes of the thermogenic gas and various additive effects is a new effective way to study and identify SBG. Herein, a systematic example of research on the coalbed gas (Huainan coalbed gas) is further conducted, revealing a series of secondary changes and additive effects, the main characteristics and markers of which are: (1) the contents of CO2 and heavy-hydrocarbons decrease significantly; (2) the content of CH4 increases and the gas becomes drier; (3) the δ13C and δD values of methane decrease significantly and tend to have biogenetic characteristics; and (4) the values of δ13C2 and δ13CCO2 grow higher. These isotopic values also change with the degradation degrees by microbes and mixing proportions of the two kinds of gases in different locations. There exists a negative correlation between the δ13C1 vs δ13CCO2 values. The △δ13CC2–C1 values obviously become higher. The distributions of the △δ13CCO2–C1 values are within certain limits and show regularity. There exist a positive correlation between the N2 versus Ar contents, and a negative correlation between the N2 versus CH4 contents, indicating the down forward infiltration of the surface water containing air. These are important markers of the generation and existence of SBG.     

长江口邻近海域春季藻华期间浮游植物生物量与环境要素的拟合分析

基于2005年长江口邻近海域春季现场调查资料,本文采用非线性拟合方法,构建了该海域春季硅藻藻华和甲藻藻华期间浮游植物生物量与无机营养盐、温度和盐度之间的定量关系方程,进而分析了春季硅、甲藻藻华发生的最适环境条件。结果表明,硅藻藻华出现的最适环境条件为:溶解态无机氮浓度10.1μmol/L、磷酸盐浓度0.21μmol/L、硅酸盐浓度6.39μmol/L、温度11.9℃、盐度30.5;甲藻藻华暴发的最适环境条件为:溶解态无机氮浓度3.98μmol/L、磷酸盐浓度0.18μmol/L、温度22.0℃、盐度27.2。上述硅、甲藻藻华发生的最适环境条件可作为硅、甲藻藻华形成的关键环境参数,为开展长江口邻近海域藻华形成和演替过程的数值模拟和参数优化提供参考。     

扬子地块西南缘拉拉IOCG矿床矿化蚀变元素地球化学研究

拉拉IOCG矿床是我国西南地区著名的大型铁铜矿床,矿床中与铜(钼)矿化密切相关的钠长石化、碳酸盐化、钾长石化、黑云母化、萤石化等蚀变作用广泛发育。本文在对该矿床中黑云母片岩系列和钠长石变粒岩系列大量赋矿岩石样品进行岩相学研究的基础上,选取典型蚀变与矿化样品进行主、微量元素分析测试,通过质量比簇判别法和等浓度公式元素定量迁移计算研究矿床中蚀变元素特征及其与矿化的关系。质量比簇判别法和等浓度图解法确定了两个系列岩石共有的主量元素不活动组分为SiO_2,微量元素不活动组分为Yb。主量元素定量迁移计算表明黑云母片岩系列铜矿化与钠长石化和碳酸盐化成正相关关系,钠长石变粒岩系列铜矿化与钾长石化和碳酸盐化成正相关关系,且变粒岩系列碳酸盐化程度较片岩系列更强。稀土元素和金属元素定量迁移计算发现拉拉IOCG矿床中U、Co、Mo、Ni等成矿金属元素在蚀变过程中随Cu矿化大量带入,说明热液蚀变是拉拉Fe-Cu-Au-U-Mo-REE多金属矿床形成的主要原因。蚀变与矿化关系分析表明二者基本是同步发生,蚀变的过程也是矿化的过程,即蚀变的标志也是找矿的标志。拉拉IOCG矿床中蚀变元素地球化学特征及其与矿化关系的研究,对于矿床成矿理论的丰富及矿区进一步找矿勘探工作都具有重要意义。     

小秦岭大湖金矿矿床地球化学异常分带模型

大湖金矿在构造上位于华北地台南缘中段,是一个石英脉型大型金矿.本文应用格里戈良分带指数法对该金矿8线周围330m、295m、260m三个中段各微量元素和烃类组分含量变化规律以及矿体周围各元素(组分)异常展布特征经行计算分析总结,得出其原生晕分带序列为:烃类、Hg(矿前缘)→As、Sb(矿头)→Au、Ag、Pb、Cu、Ni、Mo、Bi、W(矿中)→Sn、Zn、Co(矿尾),以此为基础建立了该矿床的地球化学异常分带模型,并总结了其地球化学找矿标志.     

"翠花玉"的宝石学特征及矿物组成

近期,珠宝市场上出现了一种商业名称为"翠花玉"的呈紫色、绿色和白色的玉石,容易被误认为是和田玉.为了查明其矿物组成及宝石学特征,笔者选取了3块样品,对其进行了常规宝石学测试和偏光显微镜下的观察,并用X射线粉晶衍射法和电子探针测试等分析方法,重点对"翠花玉"样品的矿物组成进行了研究.结果表明,"翠花玉"样品为多矿物集合体玉石,为交代成因产物,主要矿物组成为透辉石、透闪石、萤石、石英、斜长石、方解石,其中透闪石多呈网脉状分布.绿色部分折射率为1.61(点测),紫色部分折射率为1.43(点测),平均密度为3.03 g/cm³左右.样品颜色主要由紫色的萤石和绿色的透闪石致色.     

大定源瞬变电磁均匀层状介质正演计算

大定源回线瞬变电磁法以其高效的工作方式,一直备受野外工作者青睐。这里从基本理论出发,给出了大定源回线发射源在均匀层状介质的电磁响应计算公式,利用Quadrature With Extrapolation(QWE)算法计算了线框内、外的垂向磁场响应,并将其与传统的Fast Hankel Transform(FHT)算法进行了对比分析,两者对于虚部的计算都比较准确。当发射线框位于地表以上一定高度时,两者的计算结果吻合的较好。在发射线圈位于地表的时候,QWE算法的计算结果比较稳定,适用性优于FHT。     

大理岩单轴蠕变模型参数

采用分级加载方式进行单轴压缩蠕变试验,获得大理岩的单轴压缩蠕变曲线。对比发现五元件Kelvin模型能较好的拟合蠕变试验曲线,取其作为大理岩蠕变模型。对同一应力水平下的蠕变曲线,取10 h、20 h、40 h和50 h四个蠕变时间段,用五元件Kelvin模型进行拟合,分别获得蠕变模型参数。拟合结果表明,蠕变模型参数在不同的应力水平下和不同的加载时间下都是变化的。当应力水平足够大(58 MPa),E2随加载时间的变化规律和E1刚好相反;当加载时间足够长(20 h)时,E2随应力水平的变化规律和E1刚好相同。当应力水平足够大(58 MPa),蠕变模型参数η1和η2始终随着加载时间的增加而增加。当加载时间足够长(=50 h),蠕变模型参数η1和η2始终随着应力水平的增加而增加。     

基于组件式WebGIS的统计专题图的实现

采用RIA主流的Flex技术平台Flex Builder作为网页设计载体,利用其技术优势结合组件式WebGIS—MapGIS IGServer组件功能,阐述基于组件式WebGIS的统计专题图的设计原理与思路,以福建省统计年鉴的历年统计数据为例,设计并实现一个在线发布统计数据、生成结合地图的统计专题图站点,方便用户利用客户端交互操作获取更加直观的统计数据及相关统计图表,可为统计机构在改进网站功能和统计数据的发布方式时提供新的思路。     

The research on division and correlation of stratigraphic sequence based on the “three instantaneous” attribute features of logging data

The stratigraphic division and correlation has important guiding significance to oil and gas field. This paper presents the application of Hilbert-Huang Transform to extract the “three instantaneous” attribute features of logging data (GR,AC) to perform the division and correlation of stratigraphic sequence, that is, the three properties of "instantaneous frequency", "instantaneous amplitude", "instantaneous phase" are extracted from logging data, which revealed the frequency characteristics of each depth of logging data and clearly reflected the structural characteristics of the frequency change. According to the oscillation anomalies of different attributes, we scale sequence boundaries, and use the variation characteristics of oscillation period of different frequency components attributes to scale the periodic characteristics of different scale sequence cycle, then use the “three instantaneous” attribute information for stratigraphic correlation, and for describing the internal features of formation. These attributes anomalies can be used to clearly find the different class interface of stratigraphic sequence, to achieve the sequence division at all levels, and under the control of sequence stratigraphic framework at all levels, we can do the isochronous stratigraphic correlation at all levels. The “three instantaneous” attribute extraction of logging data provides a new approach and idea for high resolution sequence stratigraphy analysis, and it has important significance for promoting the development of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy.     

扩展的Helmert型方差分量估计的通用公式

摘 要： 基于概括函数模型,从Helmert型方差分量估计原理导出处理同类观测值包含多个方差分量的估计公式,即扩展的Helmert型方差分量通用公式,并给出其简化通用公式及特殊情况。