1986年以来杭州湾围垦淤涨状况卫星遥感调查

利用1986年以来8个时相的TM/ETM+遥感资料，调查杭州湾围垦淤涨情况。在几何校正、图像拼接的基础上，提取多时相的岸线； 利用GIS空间分析功能，分析岸线动态变化、围垦淤涨状况及其趋势。结果表明，1986年以来杭州湾岸线演化主要是由人工围垦和滩涂养殖引起。     

Modeling the tidal channel morphodynamics in a macro-tidal embayment,Hangzhou Bay,China

The Hangzhou Bay is a macro-tidal bay located to the south of the Changjiang estuary in China. Along its northern shore, a large-scale tidal channel system has developed, which includes a main northern tidal channel, with a length of more than 50 km and a width up to 10 km, and a secondary southern tidal channel. A process-based morphodynamic model, incorporating the cohesive sediment transport module of Delft3D, is used to analyze the physical processes and mechanisms underlying the formation and evolution of this tidal channel system. The results show that spatial gradients of flood dominance, caused by boundary enhancement via current convergences, is responsible for the formation of the channel system, due to a combination of the various factors such as funnel-shaped geometry hindering associated with the presence of islands, and flow deviation by the southern tidal flat and so on. The model results agree well with the real morphological features. This study also indicates that the reclamation of the southern tidal flat imposes a profound influence on the morphological evolution of the tidal channel system in the Hangzhou Bay. It is feasible to use the model to simulate long-term estuarine morphological changes with cohesive sediment settings.     

杭州市土壤铅污染的铅同位素示踪研究

根据杭州市40个土壤全铅和38个可溶相铅的统计分析,土壤中全铅平均含量为49.6×10^-6,可溶相铅平均为21.4×10^-6,城区表土的全铅高达76.1×10^-6,显著高于全国土壤平均值。分析结果还显示,从农村→远郊→近郊→公路旁,土壤可溶相铅含量逐渐增加,且土壤的可溶相铅含量与深度具明显的负相关关系。表明杭州市土壤受到了不同程度的铅污染,污染程度由农村→远郊→近郊→公路旁→城区有明显的增高趋势。通过对茶园土壤中可溶相铅、残渣态铅及城区表土全铅的同位素组成对比分析发现,从土壤残渣态(代表土壤背景)→土壤可溶相→城区表层土壤全铅²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb比值有明显的降低。²⁰⁸Pb/(²⁰⁶Pb+²⁰⁷Pb)也有类似的变化趋势。将土壤与杭州市的汽车尾气、大气等环境样品进行对比发现,随着土壤受污染程度的增加,铅同位素组成逐渐向汽车尾气铅漂移,表明汽车尾气排放的铅为其主要污染源。     

杭州市半城市化地区空间分布变化

随着我国工业化、城市化和全球化进程的加快,在许多大城市周边发育和形成了大量的半城市化地区,其社会经济结构变化剧烈、城乡职能与土地利用混杂交错,是乡村向城市转变过程中的新型地域类型。选取杭州市开展案例研究,探讨我国半城市化地区判别指标的选择与判别标准的确定,实证分析1990年和2000年杭州市半城市化地区的空间分布及其在1990~2000年期间的变化,进一步辨识出半城市化地区的不同类型,并以萧山区和富阳市为例,对持续半城市化地区和新增半城市化地区在发展程度、工业与建设用地规模、动力机制等方面进行比较分析,旨在推进对半城市化地区动态变化及其内部差异性的认识。     

基于结构方程模型的旅游消费券效用影响因素研究——以杭州市为例

旅游消费券在扩大消费、刺激经济增长的同时,在发放地域、发放主体、发放渠道、发放对象、使用范围、面额设计和使用限制等方面还存在诸多不足,影响了其效用的发挥。针对此,本文运用结构方程模型方法,构建了旅游消费券效用模型,探讨影响旅游消费券效用的关键因素。研究发现：（1）经济价值、使用意愿、使用限制性、使用可靠性和领取便利性等...     

都市自行车旅游慢行系统空间布局优化研究——以杭州市为例

自行车骑行是旅游者体验目的地城市的重要方式,规划建设高效合理的自行车旅游慢行系统已经成为众多旅游城市共同面临的重要任务。以著名旅游城市杭州为对象,利用实地调查获得的数据和相关研究成果,从空间布局视角分析了杭州自行车旅游慢行系统的发展现状和存在的主要问题,提出了优化和完善自行车旅游慢行系统的对策。结果发现,目前杭州的自行车服务点与休闲旅游点的空间耦合度较低、与旅游流网络特征的协调性较差。最后提出了解决上述问题的主要措施。     

Application of Pb isotopic tracing technique to constraining the source of Pb in the West Lake Longjing tea

This paper dealt with the Pb contents and Pb isotopic composition of the West Lake Longjing tea. The results showed that in the tea leaves, from young leaf →old leaf →tea limb, the Pb contents tend to increase gradu-ally from 1.63 →4.84 →6.07×10-6, wich revealed that the Pb was accumulated gradually in the tea. After cleaned, the Pb contents of tea leaves were significantly reduced. This indicated that the deposits on the surface of tea leaves made a great contributuion to Pb contents. The survey results for soils in the relevant tea gardens showed that soil from the Longjing tea garden has higher Pb contents, with an average level of 49.6×10-6, two times those of common soils (24×10-6) in China. Results of the systematic analysis for tea, tea garden soil and the samples with the relevant background of the Pb isotopic composition displayed that the Pb isotopic ratio of tea is 206Pb/207Pb=1.164±0.005 (2σ). The ratio of 206Pb/207Pb for the soil gradually decreased from residue phase, soil dilute acid extract phase, and then to urban topsoil, i.e., 1.175 →1.171 →1.170. The 208Pb/(206Pb+207Pb) ratios also show a similar variation trend. 206Pb/207Pb ratios in the samples with the relevant background were: vehicle exhaust, 1.124; coal-combustion, 1.156; atmosphere, 1.168; and water, 1.166. Comparative studies have shown that Pb pollution is popular in the environ-mental media (soil, atmosphere, water) in Hangzhou. With the aggravation of Pb pollution, the Pb isotopic composi-tion gradually changed from the natural background (soil residues) to the direction of automobile exhaust. This phe-nomenon could illustrate that the pollution source was the vehicle exhaust, while the coal-combustion contributed little to environmental pollution in Hangzhou. The Pb of the Longjing tea came mostly from soluble phase Pb in the polluted soil. Moreover, secondary pollution was caused by vehicle exhaust.     

用GPS监测杭州湾跨海大桥沉降的可行性分析

杭州湾跨海大桥建成通车后,原有的利用水准测量进行沉降监测的方式遇到了很大困难。针对这种情况,本文从理论上推导了使用GPS静态测量代替水准测量进行沉降监测带来的差别,并通过数值分析证明了对于杭州湾跨海大桥这种差别在1mm以内。最后对两者的实际测量精度情况进行了分析,得出两者在杭州湾跨海大桥沉降监测中测量精度相当。     

杭州湾潮滩沉积物黏土矿物空间差异与物源指示

通过对杭州湾潮滩沉积物中主要黏土矿物成分及组合类型的研究,分析了杭州湾潮滩沉积物黏土矿物的空间分布特征。借助聚类分析等手段,同时结合杭州湾水动力特征,探讨了研究区黏土矿物的来源和成因。研究结果表明,杭州湾潮滩表层沉积物主要为黏土质粉砂,其余为砂质粉砂。本区沉积物黏土矿物成分复杂,主要为伊利石,其次是高岭石和绿泥石;还有少量蒙皂石和蛭石及1.4 nm过渡矿物。根据其相对含量可分为3种组合类型:Ⅰ型为伊利石-高岭石-绿泥石-蛭石类-蒙皂石型,Ⅱ型为伊利石-绿泥石-高岭石-蒙皂石-蛭石类型,Ⅲ型为伊利石-高岭石-绿泥石-蒙皂石-蛭石类型。在空间上,北岸的蒙皂石和绿泥石平均含量高于南岸,而伊利石、高岭石和蛭石(含1.4 nm过渡矿物)平均含量则低于南岸。高潮滩和中潮滩黏土矿物对比,除了蒙皂石含量高潮滩大于中潮滩外,其他矿物含量均无明显规律。表层沉积物黏土矿物的分布特征与水动力条件和物质来源密切相关,杭州湾北岸乍浦以东潮滩受潮流和长江沿岸流影响明显,沉积物主要为长江和东海源的;南岸由于曹娥江和甬江两条河流的注入,流域物质所占比例明显比北岸高。柱状岩芯样品中各黏土矿物含量自下而上的变化则反映了物源区风化强度的波动特征。     

1972—2013年杭州湾北岸金山深槽演变特征与稳定性分析

运用GIS技术对1972-2013年金山深槽的冲淤特征、演变机制及稳定性进行分析,结果表明:(1)长期来看,15m深槽区以冲刷为主,冲刷区占总面积的88.05%,冲刷量(120.35×106 m3)远大于淤积量(3.76×106 m3),年均净冲刷速率为7.46cm/a;深槽整体向纵深发展,纵长增加了7.34km,展宽增加近1km,且有明显向南展宽趋势;抗冲刷沉积层使得深槽在强潮冲刷下具有一定的稳定性,平均和最大深度波动幅度较小,平均深度维持在21.01~23.59m,最大深度在46.90~51.00m间且分布集中。(2)短期来看,特定地形条件下的冲淤变化明显受人类活动所致水沙变化的影响。2002-2012年,年均净冲刷速率高达22.14cm/a,2012-2013年,冲淤基本平衡。(3)基于15m、20m、25m深槽区中轴线摆动幅度的稳定分析可知,深槽大部分区域处于稳定状态,稳定区范围均占65%以上,但在第6次围堤西侧和城市沙滩前处于不稳定状态,摆动幅度较大,建议加强附近水文监测以及海堤安全评估。