Ba, Si, U, Al, Sc, La, Th, C and C/C in a sediment core in the western subarctic Pacific as proxies of past biological production

A sediment core covering the last 145 kyrs was collected in the western subarctic Pacific (WSAP), and analyzed for Ba, U, Al, Sc, La, Yb, Th, biogenic opal (Opal) and organic carbon (C_org) as well as its isotopic ratio (δ¹³C). This study examined the change of past biological production in WSAP with multiple proxies, together with understanding the relation between Loess from the Asian continent and the biological production. The Loess content was estimated from the metal components, Al, Sc, La, Yb and Th. In this high latitude core (50°N), the Loess content was generally high during the glacial periods, but it was also high even in some interglacial periods. The excess amount of Ba relative to the detrital material composition, Ba_ex, showed the best correlation with the Vostok δD (r = 0.72, p < 0.001), indicating that the biological production was lower in the glacial periods than in the interglacials. This corroborates the pervasive correlation between Ba_ex in the polar region, WSAP and the Antarctic Sea, and Antarctic temperature, combined with previous research. This correlation might be explained by the stratification caused by cooling. In addition, the time variations of Ba_ex in WSAP were similar to those of Ba_ex in the Okhotsk Sea and of other proxies (C_org and Opal) in both the Okhotsk and the Bering Sea, indicating the spatial homogeneity of Ba_ex in WSAP including proximal marginal seas. The Opal content was more weakly correlated with the Vostok δD (r = 0.46, p < 0.001) than Ba_ex, reflecting that Opal in WSAP including proximal marginal seas was spatially heterogeneous compared to Ba_ex. While both the C_org content and U_ex, the excess amount of U relative to the detritus composition, were not positively correlated with the Vostok δD, they behaved similarly in the sediments. The positive correlation between δ¹³C and the Vostok δD (r = 0.42, p < 0.001), between δ¹³C and Ba_ex (r = 0.60, p < 0.001) and between δ¹³C and Opal (r = 0.36, p < 0.01) indicates that δ¹³C in WSAP may give some information on the phytoplankton growth rate. There was not a significant correlation between the spatially homogeneous Ba_ex in WSAP and Loess (r = − 0.16, p > 0.01), suggesting that the increase of biological production with the increase of Loess supply during the glacial periods did not occur.     

铁、氮、磷、维生素B1和B12对海洋原甲藻的生长效应

４因子，２水平（铁为４水平）正交试验表明：络合铁和硝态氮对海洋原甲藻的生长有极显著的促进作用（Ｐ＜０．０１），维生不Ｂ１，Ｂ１２混合液有显著促进作用（Ｐ＜０．０５）。络合铁和硝态氮为大鹏湾浮游植物生长的营养限制因了。而磷酸盐的作用不显著。     

高锰铝青铜焊缝在3.5%NaCl溶液中的空蚀行为

利用磁致伸缩空蚀实验装置对高锰铝青铜焊缝在质量分数为3．5％NaCl水溶液中的空蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明，焊接金属的抗空蚀性能明显高于母材，焊缝金属的空蚀累积失重及失重率均约为母材的1／4。SEM空蚀形貌分析表明，母材的空蚀破坏比焊缝金属严重得多，导致空蚀破坏的裂纹萌生于晶界。     

球面栅格空间中的Jordan曲线性质及其拓扑矛盾分析

定义了球面栅格空间的拓扑元素，给出球面栅格空间中邻近、连通和空间目标的内部、边界和外部等空间目标的拓扑定义及形式化描述，讨论了Jordan曲线在球面栅格空间中的性质及由此引起的拓扑矛盾。     

Cape Grim isotope measurements — A preliminary assessment

Measurements of the stable carbon isotope ratio in atmospheric CO₂ permit a distinction between variations resulting from biospheric and oceanic exchange. In situ extraction of CO₂ from Cape Grim air (41°S) for isotopic analysis commenced in 1977; however difficulties with technique reliability were experienced until 1982. Since 1982, 2.6 years of relatively consistent values have accumulated.For a preliminary assessment of the latter data, estimates of the isotopic behaviour from the global transport and inter-reservoir exchange model of Pearman and Hyson (1985) have been employed. The assessment demonstrates the precision requirements of a carbon isotope monitoring program and the relevance of the isotope measurements as a constraint on parameterization of the model.Clear evidence of the changes due to fossil fuel combustion is seen in the year-to-year differences in ¹³C, with the mean and standard error of the overall trend being –0.025±0.005 yr^-1. A significant seasonal variation in ¹³C is apparent, despite considerable inter-annual variability possibly associated with the 1982/83 ENSO phenomena. The average peak-to-peak amplitude is 0.055±0.014 with a maximum on day 85±15 (approx. 26 March).There is some evidence for a complex seasonal inter-relationship between concentration and isotope ratio, both in the Cape Grim data and in Mook et al. (1983) South Pole data, but with marked differences between the stations, and with both different from the model estimates.In particular, the Cape Grim results suggest that exchange with Southern Hemisphere biosphere is the main contributor to the seasonal variation in isotope ratio at this latitude.     

复杂断块储层非均质性研究——以辽河油田沈84—安12块Es3^3段为例

以岩心、岩石薄片、扫描电镜、物性、压汞曲线等资料为基础,对沈84—安12块Es33段储层非均性及其对开发的影响进行了研究。结果表明:该区储层在层间、平面及层内都表现出较强的非均质性,在微观上表现为孔隙间连通程度差、配位数较低、孔喉比高的特点。利用储层各项参数对其进行了综合评价和分类,该区主要以Ⅲ类储层为主;同时针对非均质性对注水开发效果的影响,提出分层系开采、注水井多级分注等措施,实施后含水上升速度得到控制;断块注水利用率得到明显的提高,改善了水驱开发效果,提高了断块采收率,增加了可采储量。     

Nine requirements for the origin of Earth's life:Not at the hydrothermal vent,but in a nuclear geyser system

The origin of life on Earth remains enigmatic with diverse models and debates.Here we discuss essential requirements for the first emergence of life on our planet and propose the following nine requirements:(1)an energy source(ionizing radiation and thermal energy);(2)a supply of nutrients(P.K.REE.etc.);(3)a supply of life-constituting major elements;(4)a high concentration of reduced gases such as CH_4,HCN and NH_3;(5)dry-wet cycles to create membranes and polymerize RNA;(6)a non-toxic aqueous environment;(7)Na-poor water;(8)highly diversified environments,and(9)cyclic conditions,such as dayto-night,hot-to-cold etc.Based on these nine requirements,we evaluate previously proposed locations for the origin of Earth's life,including:(1)Darwin's "warm little pond",leading to a "prebiotic soup" for life;(2)panspermia or Neo-panspermia(succession model of panspermia);(3)transportation from/through Mars;(4)a deepsea hydrothermal system;(5)an on-land subduct ion-zone hot spring,and(6)a geyser systems driven by a natural nuclear reactor.We conclude that location(6)is the most ideal candidate for the o rigin point for Earth's life because of its efficiency in continuously supplying both the energy and the necessary materials for life,thereby maintaining the essential "cradle" for its initial development.We also emphasize that falsifiable working hypothesis provides an important tool to evaluate one of the biggest mysteries of the universe-the origin of life.     

多元逐步回归分析应用于固化土强度与微结构参数相关性评价

用石灰固化不同含盐量的滨海盐渍土,固化后土微结构参数发生了变化,力学强度大幅度提高。多元逐步回归分析计算结果表明二者之间存在着良好的相关关系,颗粒粒度分维、颗粒定向分维、等效直径、扁圆度和面积比是对固化土力学强度影响较为显著的5个微结构参数。借助土微结构参数与强度间的相关性计算分析,从另外一个角度验证石灰对滨海盐渍土的固土作用。     

基于DINI12电子水准仪记录数据标准化处理方法

电子水准仪的出现是水准测量技术一次大的变革。在我国尚没有电子水准测量规范出台的情况下,提出了基于DINI12电子水准仪数据处理程序设计思想,并对程序具有的测段提取、错误剔除、粗差探测、时间内插温度改正、尺长改正、标准化成果表生成及观测指标统计等功能进行了详述。