爆炸防雹中的云微物理机制的探讨

在综合实验和观测结果的基础上 ,提出了能形成大雹的雹胚 ,在它运行增长中常会有一个下伸到 0℃层以下融化 ,又再进入主上升气流区上升到 0℃层以上再次冻结的过程。发生这一过程的位置是雹云的悬挂回波所在的冰雹胚胎帘区的底部 ,如果在这个位置利用爆炸引起由雹胚融化而形成的液滴破碎 ,会改变大雹的运行轨迹 ,从而抑制大雹的形成。同时还利用数值模式模拟研究了该机制 ,结果表明该机制是合理的。     

三角鲤胚后发育研究

三角鲤的胚后发育过程可分为早期仔鱼、晚期仔鱼和稚鱼3个阶段共11个时期。与其他鲤科鱼类比较,三角鲤胚后发育具卵黄囊吸收迅速、鳔迅速发育成形(巡游模式迅速建立)及鳞片的较早出现、长齐和完成胚后发育时间较短等特点;在水温为25.0±0.7℃的条件下,全长5.2±0.2 mm的初孵仔鱼经过24～26 d的发育,全长达20.6±0.3 mm即完成胚后发育;仔鱼、稚鱼的全长随日龄呈线性生长,相关方程式为L=5.8591+0.6254 A(r=0.999 2,P<0.01),每日增长约为0.63 mm。根据三角鲤胚后发育特点讨论了鱼苗生产应注意的问题。     

摄食水平对梭鱼的生长和能量收支的影响

于 1 999年 8— 1 2月 ,在水温为 (2 4 .0± 0 .5 )℃ ,摄食水平分别为体重的 0 %、1 %、2 %、3 %、4%和饱食的条件下进行梭鱼的摄食 -生长实验。结果表明 ,梭鱼湿重、干重、蛋白质和能量的特定生长率 (SGR)与摄食水平呈直线关系 ,其转化效率与摄食水平的增加成正比 ;梭鱼的湿重、蛋白质、干重和能量的维持水平分别为体重的 1 .85 1、1 .85 3、2 .882和 2 .3 4 2 (% d) ;排粪率和排泄率随摄食水平的增加而增加 ,并呈直线关系。在最大摄食水平下 ,能量收支等式为 :1 0 0C =4.41F +1 1 .1 8U +47.0 6R +3 7.3 5G     

砷对三角褐指藻、叉边金藻生长率的影响

研究了砷对近岸水中三角褐指藻和叉边金藻的毒性，其阈值分别为１０＾－４．１ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ＾３和１０＾－４．９ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ＾３。根据活性点模式计算砷与两藻的结合常数为６９２．５和９８９．７。砷对叉边金藻的毒性作用不受磷酸盐浓度影响；砷对三角褐指藻的毒作用随磷酸盐浓度降低而受到抑制。     

养殖密度对九孔鲍生长的影响

就放养密度对九孔鲍 (Haliotisdiversicolorsupertexta)的生长及存活率的影响进行了4个月的养殖实验。实验结果显示 :九孔鲍的生长明显地受到放养密度的制约。在5个实验密度组中 (分别为每养殖笼中放养35 ,40,45 ,50和55个鲍 )以低密度组的生长率为最高 ,达118.57μm/d。随着放养密度的增大 ,其生长率逐渐下降。但各密度组的存活率之间差异不显著。研究同时发现 :九孔鲍的壳长与湿体质量的关系为 :W=0.000093605×L3.0395;每月一次对鲍壳长的测量会对该鲍的生长有明显影响 ,在同等养殖密度和养殖条件下 ,不进行测量的对照组生长率比实验组的要高出15.4%(16.25μm/d) ;另外 ,九孔鲍的生长与水温也有明显关系 ,其生长的临界温度为14.8℃。     

东海6种石首鱼的年龄鉴定与生长特性的研究

利用1985年9月 - 1988年10月长江口近海采集到的6种石首鱼的标本，以及1981年和1982东海作业区收集到的部分石首鱼标本，用且石切片机，对6种石首鱼的耳石进行切片试验，以确定6种石首鱼且石的最佳切片方法;并进行年龄鉴定。运用幂函数方程、von Bertalanffy生长方程和季节生长方程对6种石首鱼的生长特性进行分析和比较。结果表明，体长和体重的相关参数在不同种之间差异性显著，生长速度与极限体长（L_∞）和极限体重（W_∞）成正相关，生长速度的时间分布由K值决定。季节生长的冬滞点（WP）和耳石暗带的形成时间是一致的。     

鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)生长激素基因克隆和原核表达

采用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术,从鳜脑垂体总RNA中扩增生长激素(GH)成熟肽基因,将成熟生长激素的cDNA定向克隆到表达载体pET-32a(+),并转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中。结果表明,鳜生长激素(GH)基因含开放阅读框(ORF)615个核苷酸,编码204个氨基酸,蛋白分子量为23kDa,等电点为7.07,其中酸性氨基酸占10.78%,碱性氨基酸占12.74%,疏水氨基酸为占44.12%,极性氨基酸占32.35%。在IPTG终浓度1.0mmol/L、温度37℃和培养时间4h的最佳诱导表达条件下,鳜生长激素基因(GH)在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达,重组菌体裂解物经SDS-PAGE可检测到分子量约为43kDa的鳜生长激素与硫氧还蛋白(Thioredoxni,Trx)融合蛋白,其表达量约占菌体总蛋白58%。Western印迹分析也证实含6×His标签的重组融合蛋白能够很好地与抗6×His单抗发生反应。本研究为下一步鳜生长激素基因(GH)的生物学功能及应用奠定了基础。     

细鳞鯻年龄与生长的研究

选用胸鳍覆盖处的鳞片作为细鳞(鱼剌)(Therapon jarbua(Forssk(a)l))的年龄鉴定材料,其年轮形成时期主要在2～4月.体长与鳞径呈线性关系.体长-体重关系为W=3.8891×10-2L2.8761.vonBertalanffy生长方程适合描述其体长和体重的生长,生长参数为L∞=35.9cm,W∞=1153.7g,k=0.2376,t0=-0.2115.体重生长在4.41a具一拐点,此时体重生长速度达到最大.     

Effects of salinity fluctuation frequency on the growth, molting rate and hemolymph 20-hydroxyecdysone concentration in Juvenile Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis

This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of salinity fluctuation frequency on the growth, molting rate and hemolymph 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) concentration for juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis with an initial wet body weight of 1.115 g±0.012 g. The salinity of the control treatment (represented by D0) was 28 throughout the experiment, whereas treatments D2, D4, D6 and D8 were subjected to different salinity fluctuation frequencies of 2, 4, 6 and 8 d, respectively. The range of salinity fluctuation was 4. The salinity in treatments D2, D4, D6 and D8 was kept at 28 for 2, 4, 6 and 8 d, respectively; each original salinity was decreased abruptly to salinity 24, which first lasted for another 2 d and was then raised to its initial value 28. This constituted a salinity fluctuation cycle and afterwards the cycle repeated. It was found that: 1) The weight gain of shrimp in treatment D4 was 202.9% and significantly higher than that in treatment D0 (P<0.05). The molting rate in treatment D2 was the lowest, while that in treatment D6 was the highest and significantly higher than those in treatments D0 and D2 (P<0.05). 2) The hemolymph 20-HE concentration of shrimps in all treatments was at low levels and increased first gradually during the inter-molt period and then increased sharply. It reached a peak value during the pre-molt stage, and then decreased abruptly during the post-molt stage when the lowest level occurred. 3) During the post-molt stage, the hemolymph 20-HE concentration in treatment D2 was 7.47 pg μL⁻¹ and significantly higher than that in treatment D0 (P<0.05). There were, however, no significant differences in hemolymph 20-HE concentration among all five treatments during the inter-molt stage (P>0.05). During the pre-molt stage, the hemolymph 20-HE concentration in treatment D6 was significantly higher than that in treatment D0 (P<0.05), whereas the hemolymph 20-HE concentration in treatment D2 was significantly lower than that in other treatments (P<0.05). Adequate salinity fluctuation promoted the molting rate through increasing hemolymph 20-HE concentration at the pre-molt stage.     

光周期对罗氏沼虾幼体生长及能量收支的影响

于１９９５年２－５月,在Ｌ：Ｄ为４：２０,８：１６,１２：１２和２４：０四种光周期条件下,用卤虫无节幼体作饵料增减罗氏沼虾幼体,测定其生长能量收支。结果表明,随着光照时间的延长幼体生长率增大,两者关系为：ｇ＝６．５２４５＋３．６０４５ｌｎＴ,但周期对幼体Ｃ,Ｎ含量和Ｃ：Ｎ值没有显著的影响;