Quality of the Seagrass <Emphasis Type="Italic">Halophila ovalis</Emphasis> on a Thai Intertidal Flat as Food for the Dugong

To determine whether dugongs along the Thai coast prefer relatively faster-growing Halophila ovalis due to its nutritional value, we analyzed the contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), ash, fiber, and lipids in several species of seagrass collected near dugong feeding trails. CNP concentrations in the faster-growing H. ovalis were distinctly lower than those in the slower-growing species. Lipid concentrations were comparatively not as low; they were equivalent to the values of the slower-growing Enhalus acoroides in the leaves and to Thalassia hemprichii and Cymodocea rotundata in the rhizomes and roots. The ash content of H. ovalis was the highest of all species in both the above and below ground parts. The reason that dugong feeds exclusively on H. ovalis at this site may be the potentially large supply due to its high growth rate, rather than its nutritive qualities.     

In Situ Determination of the Effect of Drilling Noise and Vibration on Growth of Grass Carp, Myloparyngodon Piceus

The study is carried out on the effect of drilling noise and vibration on growth of grass carp, Myloparyngodon Piceus, by using cut-fin marking method in situ. Compared with other methods, the method is more appropriate, for its operation is simpler and more data may be obtained under the same condition. The results show that drilling noise and vibration have significant effect on the growth of grass carp. Critical equivalent noise and vibration grade ( Nleq and Vleq) are about 84.4 dB and 90.2 dB, and the affecting radius is about 8.5 m. The effect of drilling noise and vibration could be influenced by some factors,such as duration of pollution and body weight of grass carp, etc. Grass carp‘s growth could rapidly recover after removing drilling noise and vibration, indicating that the drilling noise and vibration do not damage the fish organs and the effect is reversible. Therefore. the effect mechanism may be due to the activating response of non-hearing system.     

2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸对细基江蓠孢子生长和存活的影响

以细基江蓠(Gracilaria tenuistipitata)的果孢子和四分孢子为实验材料,用不同浓度的(0,0.1,0.5,1,2,4,6 mg/L)生长激素2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)处理刚刚放散的孢子和附着2d孢子,研究其对果孢子和四分孢子附着和生长及存活的影响。与对照组相比,2,4-D使两种孢子的附着量明显降低;2.0~4.0mg/L的2,4-D可以极显著的促进孢子的生长(P<0.01);0.1~2.0mg/L的2,4-D提高孢子的存活率(P<0.01);6.0mg/L的2,4-D使得孢子的生长和存活率降低。综合以上指标,在细基江篱采孢子育苗时,孢子附着2~3d后用2,4-D处理孢子萌发体,以1.0~2.0mg/L为宜。     

Influence of Certain Organic Substances on Growth and Colony Formation of Asterionella glacialis Castracane (Bacillariophyceae)

Abstract. Organic substances are suspected to influence the unpredictable, episodic blooms which characterize the planktonic pennate diatom Asterionella glacialis in certain coastal waters. Experiments to test its general responsiveness to organic enrichments in terms of growth rate and colony formation were carried out. An axenic clone was grown at 10° C, 0.039 l min^-1,12:12 LD cycle in G uillard's f/2 medium enriched with eight different organic substances. Growth rates in organically-enriched media during exponential phase usually exceeded those in f/2 medium alone. Cell yields after 12 days in media enriched with glycyl-glycin and trypticase + yeast extract were significantly greater than in the other treatments. Longer chain lengths accompanied organic enrichment, notably with trypticase + yeast extract and 100ppm soil extract. These results suggest that Asterionella glacialis is positively responsive to elevated levels of certain organic substances. A potential effect of organic substance - trace metal - silica interactions on colony-size is suggested.     

壳多糖对罗氏沼虾、斑节对虾苗生长和抗菌防病作用研究

探讨壳多糖（chitosan）对虾苗的生长和抗菌防病的作用。用玻璃缸培育罗氏沼虾和斑节对虾苗,在水体中添加不同浓度的壳多糖,人为感染气单胞菌或弧菌,观测虾苗的生长和抗病情况。结果表明：（1）在培养水体中加入壳多糖（50×10-6）能净化水质,防止水质恶化,因而可进行不换水育苗;（2）壳多糖（25×10-6～100×10-6）可抑制气单胞菌和弧菌的生长繁殖,增强抗病能力,提高虾苗的成活率;（3）适宜浓度25×10－6～50×10-6）的壳多糖对虾苗的生长有促进作用。     

4种中草药对亚心形扁藻生长的影响

于1998年3月至5月运用单种培养的方法研究了马齿苋、桔梗、木瓜和花粉等四种中草药浸提液对亚心形扁藻生长的影响。结果表明：在培养液中添加不同浓度的马齿苋、桔梗和花粉浸提液的各处理组均对亚心形扁藻有一定的促进作用。其中马齿苋、桔梗效果最好,花粉次之。最佳浓度分别是1．50％,0．75％和1．00％浸提液。其相对生长常数（K）分别是对照组的1．41倍、1．41倍和1．21倍。而木瓜浸提液添加量过高和低对亚心形扁藻有一定的抑制作用。可见,在亚心形扁藻培养液中添加一定量的马齿苋、桔梗浸提液是可行的。     

Retardation of Fin Regeneration in Freshwater Fish Oreochromis mossambicusby Zinc

Regeneration of partially amputated caudal fin was studied in freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus exposed to sublethal concentrations of zinc (5.0 mg L^—1 and 10.0 mg L^—1) under ambient laboratory conditions over a period of 20 days. Caudal fin regeneration was measured on 5th, 10th, 15th and 20th day of exposure and after amputation. Significant ( p < 0.05) retardation in fin regeneration was observed on day 5th and 10th in fish exposed to the nominal concentration of 5.0 mg L^—1 Zn, while retardation was found highly significant ( p < 0.01) at all the observations in 10.0 mg L^—1. The maximum inhibition in caudal fin regeneration (20.8 % and 24.3 %) was found during the initial observation at both of the concentrations (5.0 mg L^—1 and 10.0 mg L^—1) of zinc exposure. Later on the regeneration rate was almost as good as in the control group. Thus in this study fin regeneration was significantly inhibited at all time points following Zn exposure as a detrimental effect of Zn to fish. This study demonstrates that fish caudal fin regeneration is a simple assay, sensitive and easy to perform, and can serve as a model to determine the toxicity of pollutants in aquatic environment.     

150年来大气甲烷浓度的长期变化

应用作者建立的全球二维大气化学模式 ,采用 2种CH4 排放源的长期增长方案 ,同时考虑了CH4 排放源以及对OH自由基浓度有重要影响的CO和NOx 排放源的长期变化 ,模拟了CH4 和OH从 1840～ 2 0 2 0年的长期变化趋势。考虑了世界人口增长的排放源方案可以更好地模拟CH4 的长期变化 ,模拟结果表明 ,工业革命前的大气CH4 浓度和年排放总量分别为 76 0× 10 -9(V/V)和 2 80× 10 9kg ,1991年大气CH4 的浓度和年排放总量分别为16 11.9× 10 -9(V/V)和 5 33 .9× 10 9kg ,对流层OH自由基数浓度从 1840年的 7.17× 10 5分子数 /cm3 下降到 1991年的 5 .79× 10 5分子数 /cm3,降低了 19%。工业革命以来大气CH4 的增长一方面是由于CH4 排放源的增长 ,另一方面是由于大气OH浓度的下降。     

Effects of nitrate and phosphate on growth and C2 toxin productivity of Alexandrium tamarense CI01 in culture

Growth and C2 toxin productivity of a marine dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamarense CI01 (ATCI01) which predominantly produces C2 toxin, were studied in unialgal batch cultures to optimize the concentrations of nitrate and phosphate for a maximal toxin yield. A range of start concentrations of the two major nutrients was determined in which algal growth was proportional to the nutrient concentrations used. The highest concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in this growth-enhancing range were 264 and 20 μM, respectively. In this concentration range, the C2 toxin yield (μg/l) and cellular toxin content (Qt, fmole per cell) reached a maximum at the lowest end of phosphate (5 μM) and the highest end of nitrate (264 μM). Further increase in the supply of nitrate continued to enhance the toxin yield. Our results indicated that the growth and toxin productivity of this algal strain in batch cultures had distinctly different optimal ranges of nitrate and phosphate concentrations. For a maximum toxin yield, a judicious use of phosphate under a nitrate-replete condition is called for.