大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)生长性状相关的微卫星标记筛选

采用分群分离分析法,以同一批受精卵孵化的同池养殖大菱鲆生长性状发生分离的群体为材料,进行微卫星DNA遗传分析,以揭示影响大菱鲆生长发育速度方面的遗传信息。30个多态性微卫星位点对生长高值组(F组)和生长低值组(S组)各10个样本建立的DNA混合池进行扩增时,在两池间出现了7个差异片段。通过对两组大菱鲆个体PCR扩增出的差异条带进行统计,分析微卫星位点与大菱鲆生长性状的相关性。结果表明,有1个微卫星位点(SmaC10)在355bp的等位基因片段与大菱鲆生长性状存在一定的负相关性;有4个微卫星位点(SmaC02、SmaC06、SmaC09、B11-I12/6/3)分别在258bp、182bp、226bp、175bp的等位基因片段与大菱鲆生长性状存在正相关性,其中位点Smac09在226bp的等位基因片段与生长性状的正相关性极显著,相关系数达到0.354。位点SmaC09所扩增出的等位基因片段可作为具有良好生长特性人工选育群体的分子标记,指导大菱鲆的辅助育种。     

Salt rollers: Structure and kinematics from analogue modelling

Salt rollers are low-amplitude deflections of the upper surface of a salt layer which occur below zones of normal faulting in the overlying sediments. They are widely recognised in association with tilted blocks or listric fault rollover systems. Laboratory experiments on brittle ductile models made of sand and silicone putty are used to study the modes of development, the external shape and the internal structures of these salt rollers. Firstly, flow and strain patterns within décollement zones are described. Finite strain combines layer-perpendicular shortening and layer-parallel shear. Additional flow cells within rollers perturb the laminar flow of the décollement, inducing a passive folding of planar markers. The same type of flow and strain patterns occur in all types of rollers, ranging from those occurring below tilted blocks to those associated with growth faults. Finally, an analysis of roller shapes through the measurement of aspect ratios and asymmetry ratios shows that the shapes of tilted blocks rollers and growth fault rollers—which differ at initiation tend to converge with increasing deformation.     

温度、光照强度和pH对雨生红球藻光合作用和生长速率的影响

采用测定净光合放氧速率的方法研究了温度、光照强度和pH对 4株雨生红球藻光合作用和生长繁殖速率的影响。结果表明 ,温度、光照强度和pH对雨生红球藻的光合作用和生长速率的影响十分显著 ;4株雨生红球藻光合作用的最适温度、光饱和点和pH分别为 :Haematococcuspluvialis 2 6 :1 5℃ ,2 5 0 μmol/(m2 ·s)和pH7 0 ;Haematococcuspluvialis 3 0 :2 0℃ ,2 0 0 μmol/(m2 ·s)和pH8 0 ;Haematococcuspluvialis 3 4 :1 5℃ ,2 0 0 μmol/(m2 ·s)和pH7 0 ;Haematococ cuspluvialisWZ :1 0℃ ,1 40 μmol/(m2 ·s)和pH6 0。雨生红球藻细胞数量的增加与光照时间成正比。初步认为H pluvialis3 0、H pluvialis2 6和H pluvialisWZ是 3个有潜力适合于大规模生产的藻种。     

饲料中锌对花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)幼鱼生长、免疫和组织积累的影响

采用单因子实验设计方法,进行饲料中添加锌对花鲈幼鱼生长(增重率、存活率、特定生长率和饲料效率)、免疫反应(血清溶菌酶活性和总补体活性)和组织中锌积累量影响的研究.通过在基础饲料中添加ZnSO4使饲料中锌含量分别达到83.3、95.2、101.6、120.3、159.9mg/kg,对花鲈幼鱼进行为期8周的生长实验,每个水平3个重复,每个养殖单元放养初始体重为(10.0±0.58)g左右的花鲈幼鱼20尾.饲养实验在海水网箱(1.5×1.0×1.0m3)中进行,实验期间水温为26.5-32.5℃,盐度为28-29,溶解氧含量在6mg/L左右.结果表明,各饲料组成活率(95.00%-100.00%)无显著性差异(P>0.05).随着饲料中锌含量从83.3mg/kg增加到101.6mg/kg,花鲈幼鱼的增重率和特定生长率显著升高(P<0.05),而饲料中锌含量达到101.6mg,kg之后,其增重率和特定生长率变化不显著(P>0.05);以增重率和特定生长率为指标,花鲈幼鱼最佳生长性能的饲料锌含量为103.4mg/kg左右.各饲料组肌肉中锌积累量无显著性差异;随着饲料中锌含量从83.3mg/kg增加到101.6mg/kg,花鲈幼鱼肝脏中锌积累量显著增加(P<0.05),而饲料中锌含量达到101.6mg/kg之后,其肝脏中锌积累量变化不显著(P>0.05);花鲈幼鱼获得肝脏中最大锌积累量时饲料中锌最低含量为105.1mg/kg.随着饲料中锌含量从83.3mg/kg增加到101.6mg/kg,花鲈幼鱼血清溶菌酶和总补体活性显著升高(P<0.05),饲料中锌含量达到101.6mg/kg之后,血清溶菌酶和总补体活性变化不显著(P>0.05).综上所述,花鲈幼鱼生长和免疫的锌适宜添加量为105.1mg/kg左右.     

Flounder growth and production as indicators of the nursery value of marsh habitats in a Mediterranean lagoon

Estuarine marshes are known as suitable nursery areas for many marine migrant fishes, such as flounder. The potential nursery value of such habitats was investigated in the Venice lagoon, by using growth and production of 0-group flounder as indicators. Size–frequency distribution analysis was performed on fish samples collected fortnightly, from March 2004 to June 2005, in two marsh sites, Dese and Tessera, differing in their origin and environmental conditions. Samples were mostly composed of juvenile individuals, belonging to 0- and 1-group cohorts (the latter being present in Tessera only). A higher total production, either annual or monthly, and faster growth of 0-group flounder was observed in Dese, associated to a higher ecological performance of 0-group individuals in this site, as indicated by the higher P:B ratio values. Dese is a site located in a marsh complex characterized by the relevant influence of a nearby river, and the observed higher potential nursery value of this marsh area with respect to the other is discussed in the light of the higher trophic status and other environmental conditions in this site. The production results were also compared to those from other estuarine environments commonly acknowledged as important nurseries for European flounder.     

三种鳜鱼(Siniperca)生长激素基因的克隆及序列比较

采用长片段PCR及T-A克隆技术,从基因组DNA成功克隆翘嘴鳜、大眼鳜和斑鳜含完整阅读框的生长激素（Growth Hormone,GH）基因DNA全序列,翘嘴鳜序列全长5548bp,大眼鳜序列全长5483bp,斑鳜序列全长5789bp,提交GenBank数据库后获得注册号分别为EF205280、EF205281、EF441623。三种鳜鱼GH基因均由六个外显子、五个内含子组成;均在第二内含子中相同位置发现“AG”微卫星重复序列;均在第三内含子末端发现一处剪接位点序列的相邻重复。三种GH基因在第一、二、三内含子处存在碱基长度差异。序列间差异主要表现为邻近序列的重复、DNA片段的缺失或插入及单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。翘嘴鳜与大眼鳜GH基因编码氨基酸序列完全相同,两者与斑鳜序列在第150位有一个氨基酸残基差异。采用MEGA软件对三种鳜鱼GH基因DNA序列及编码氨基酸序列分别构建UPGMA系统发育树,结果表明,在系统发育中,斑鳜可能最先从共有祖先物种中分化出来。     

冻熟虾中副溶血性弧菌生长模型

为控制冻熟虾中副溶血性弧菌的危害,预测冻熟虾中副溶血性弧菌生长情况,对冻熟虾中副溶血性弧菌的生长规律进行了研究。使用CurveExpert 1.3软件作为辅助工具,选取了4种模型(Logistic模型、Richards模型、Compertz模型、MMF模型)拟合了副溶血性弧菌在冻熟虾中生长曲线。结果表明:10℃、18℃和30℃下副溶血性弧菌的生长曲线呈典型的S型,通过标准差和相关系数比较,10℃、18℃和30℃下冻熟虾中副溶血性弧菌最适的生长模型为Richards模型。     

冬小麦生长要素特征分析

冬小麦生长虽然处在不同的气候背景下,但表示小麦生长变化的生物学要素基本上保持较为稳定的曲线特征。相对生长率呈先升后降分布型,拔节期以前相对生长率较小,拔节期到孕穗期间达到最大,之后又逐渐减小。片同化率从整个变化情况来看,基本上表现出了拔节到抽穗开花后逐渐升高,开花后逐渐减小的特点。叶面积比率的生物学特征最为明显,冬小麦返青到拔节期间的叶面积比率最大,拔节之后,叶面积比率逐渐下降,在冬小麦乳熟期前后达到最小。冬小麦的灌浆速度变化率则呈较为明显的正态分布,营养物质转移理论“源-流-库”对营养物质的转移给予了充分的科学解释。     

作物不同生长时段对水分胁迫敏感性分析

本文根据我省1982－1995年的土壤水分实测资料、主要农作物的产量资料及作物生长物候资料,计算得到我省主要旱作物各生长时段作物对水分胁迫的产量响应敏感系数,反映出作物在不同生长期对水分胁迫的敏感程度,结果表明：不同生长时段作物对水分胁迫的敏感度不同,作物干旱程序不能仅凭降水距平确定,需考虑作物对水分胁迫敏感性来修正干旱指标,才能有效对作物干旱实施监测,从而为人工增雨作业时间安排提供更为科学的依据。     

红海湾养殖水域营养盐消长与温度、盐度、浮游植物量的关系

红海湾海水养殖水域的营养盐、盐度、温度、浮游植物和叶绿素的观测结果表明,该水域中氨氮、亚硝酸盐及磷酸盐的消长受水系混合所制约。春季硝酸盐、氨氮和秋季磷酸盐与浮游植物之间存在着负相关,秋季表层叶绿素与营养盐（除氨外）存在着正相关,而底层叶绿素与营养盐存在密切负相关