不同蛋白质水平的饲料对南美白对虾生长的影响

采用鱼粉，豆粉等作为饲料蛋白源，加入等量的混合油（鱼油：豆油＝1：1），制成不同蛋白质梯度的试验饲料，研究不同蛋白质水平饲料对南美白对虾生长的影响，结果表明，不同蛋白质水平饲料显著地影响南美白对虾生长（F＞F0．01＝11．4），饲料中蛋白质为44．12％，能量蛋白比为33．0kJ/g时南美白对虾生长最快，饲料系数最低，体重生长比速最高，通过计算机拟合曲线方程并进行回归分析得出的南美白对虾配合饲料中适宜蛋白质含量为42．37％－44．12％，不同蛋白质水平的饲料对南美白对虾虾体蛋白质含量没有明显的影响。     

饲料中锌含量对斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)生长、饲料效率、矿物质含量和体组成的影响

以ZnSO4·7H2O为锌源,用锌添加量为0、20、40、60、80和100mg/kg的实验饲料投喂斜带石斑鱼12周,研究其对斜带石斑鱼生长、饲料效率、矿物质含量和体组成的影响.结果表明,各实验组的增重率,饲料效率,存活率和全鱼、脊椎骨、鳞片的锌含量无显著差异.全鱼、脊椎骨和鳞片的锰含量均随着饲料中锌的添加而降低,锰和锌存在明显的拮抗关系.全鱼的铁含量随着饲料中锌的添加而降低.全鱼、脊椎骨和鳞片的钙、磷、镁含量均不受饲料中锌含量的影响.饲料中添加锌对全鱼水分、灰分,肌肉水分、脂肪,形态学指标,红细胞比容和血红蛋白含量没有显著影响.饲料中不添加锌时,全鱼的蛋白、脂肪和肌肉的蛋白、灰分含量较低.实验结果表明基础饲料中33mg/kg的锌已经满足斜带石斑鱼生长的需求,能使鱼体锌达到饱和.     

Bacterioplankton responses to iron enrichment during the SAGE experiment

We studied the microbial food web in the upper 100 m of the water column in iron-limited sub-Antarctic HNLC waters south-east of New Zealand in the SAGE experiment in 2004, with focus on bacterioplankton. Samples were collected daily from inside and outside the iron enriched patch. Short term enrichment experiments were conducted on board in 4 L polycarbonate bottles with water outside the iron enriched patch to study single and combined effects of micronutrient additions on microbial food web. Low bacterial growth was recorded in the study area with community turnover times of 50 h or more during the study period. Measurements of bacterial standing stocks and production rates in the study show minor responses to the large scale iron enrichment, with increase in rates and stocks after the first enrichment and at the end of the study period after the third iron enrichment when solar radiation increased and wind mixing decreased. The average daily bacterial production rates were 31.5 and 33.7 mgCm⁻² d⁻¹ for the OUT and IN stations, respectively; thus overall there was not a significant difference between the control and the iron-enriched patch. In the bottle experiments bacterial thymidine incorporation showed responses to single iron and silicic acid enrichments and a major growth response to the combined iron and sucrose enrichments. Phytoplankton chlorophyll-a showed clear stimulation by single additions of iron and silicic acid and silicic acid enhanced the iron impact. Cobalt additions had no effect on bacteria growth and a negative effect on phytoplankton growth. Low bacterial in situ growth rates and the enrichment experiments suggest that bacteria are co-limited by iron and carbon, and that bacterial iron uptake is dependent on carbon supply by the food web. With the high iron quota (??mol Fe mol C⁻¹) bacteria may scavenge considerable amounts of the excess iron, and thus influence the relative importance of the microbial food web as a carbon sink.     

环沟格特哈(Katelysia rimularis)的生殖周期

周年采集环沟格特蛤（Katelysiarimularis）分别测定生长指标（总重、软体部重、性腺重、肝重和软体部干重等）并用组织切片观察性腺发育的状况，以确定性腺发育的周期和时间。组织的光镜研究说明环沟格特蛤雌雄性腺发育均可分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期和休止期。在厦门吴冠镇环沟格特蛤1月开始其性腺发育,3月进入生长期，5～6月成熟，5～11月都有产卵，每年7月11月各有一次排卵高峰期。     

基于WCSODS的小麦渍害模型及其在灾害预警上的应用

在WCSODS（小麦模拟优化决策系统）中增加了过量土壤水对小麦光合作用、干物质分配、叶片衰老等影响模块,实现了渍害条件下对冬小麦生长和产量的模拟。用试验资料和区域统计单产对模型进行了检验,结果表明：模拟误差在10%以内。灵敏度分析的结果亦表明：随着渍水持续天数的增加,小麦渍害加重,10 d渍水对产量影响不大,而30 d渍水可造成减产7%~32%;当渍水天数相同时,以孕穗期的渍害对产量影响最大;灌浆期、拔节期次之,冬前分蘖期的影响较小。这与当地小麦专家的看法相一致,说明小麦渍害模型具有一定的合理性。利用本模型和南京、南通两地的历史气象和产量资料,对大面积小麦平均单产进行了试预报,结果基本令人满意。     

Nutrient control of the global occurrence of isolated carbonate banks

The growth and origin of the world's isolated carbonate banks are as yet not completely understood. This paper presents a comparison of the areas, depths, and latitudinal distribution of the world's carbonate banks. These are then compared with chemical parameters of seawater in the upper mixed zone of the oceans and at depth. The results allow large-scale inferences to be made on the interacting controls on bank growth and distribution. The data support the hypothesis that nutrient-rich waters commonly control bank depth and size.     

Nitrogen concentration within Saxifraga oppositifolia in different successional stages on a glacier foreland in the high Arctic

We measured and compared the δ¹³C values and nitrogen concentrations within the photosynthetic parts (Np) of phototrophs growing in different successional stages and different soil conditions at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway. At all study sites, the Np value of vascular plants ranged from 1.0 to 2.2%. The Np value for most moss species was less than 1.0%; values for lichens were about 0.5%. No significant correlation was detected between Np and δ¹³C; however, different plant species occupied distinct fields on a δ¹³C–Np plot, with minimal overlap between species. The Np value of Saxifraga oppositifolia, which grew at all of the study sites, ranged from 1.1 to 1.5%. Differences in growth form had no effect on Np. The Np and δ¹³C values obtained for S. oppositifolia were confined to within a narrow range regardless of site conditions.     

川东-鄂西郁江逆冲断层轨迹结构及扩展过程

野外地质调查和剖面测量揭示:郁江断层带的轨迹结构整体上表现为南北分段、东西分带的后展式叠瓦状逆冲断层结构;其中,底板缓倾角逆冲断层多层次(区域尺度、露头尺度和微观尺度)的断坪、断坡轨迹,特别是沿断坡方向的破裂分解,是分支断层呈上叠后展式扩展增殖的基础。根据运动学标志,郁江逆冲断层从北西向南东逆冲,最大断距小于1km,一般断距为10～100m级;后缘高倾角正断层的累计断距与前缘逆冲断距基本对应。结合区域构造分析,郁江逆冲断层轨迹结构定型于燕山期,轨迹扩展过程表现为:上叠分支断层沿底板逆冲断层的断坡方向逐次从前缘向后缘扩展增殖,属于典型的上叠后展式逆冲扩展结构;其中,后缘正断层的形成是断层轨迹结构反馈、运动调整和断层自组织行为的必然结果;而喜马拉雅主期区域应力场的激发,只是强化和加速了后缘正断层的扩展规模和进程。     

Interaction of Freshly Precipitated Silica Gel with Aqueous Silicic Acid Solutions under Ambient and Near Neutral pH-conditions: A Detailed Analysis of Linear Rate Law

Interaction of freshly precipitated silica gel with aqueous solutions was studied at laboratory batch experiments under ambient and near neutral pH-conditions. The overall process showed excellent reversibility: gel growth could be considered as an opposite process to dissolution and a linear rate law could be applied to experimental data. Depending on the used rate law form, the resulting rate constants were sensitive to errors in parameters/variables such as gel surface area, equilibrium constants, Si-fluxes, and reaction quotients. The application of an Integrated Exponential Model appeared to be the best approach for dissolution data evaluation. It yielded the rate constants k _dissol ∼ (4.50 ± 0.68) × 10⁻¹² and k _growth ∼ (2.58 ± 0.39) × 10⁻⁹ mol m⁻² s⁻¹ for zero ionic strength. In contrast, a Differential Model gave best results for growth data modeling. It yielded the rate constants k _dissol ∼ (1.14 ± 0.44) × 10⁻¹¹ and k _growth ∼ (6.08 ± 2.37) × 10⁻⁹ mol m⁻² s⁻¹ for higher ionic strength (I ∼ 0.04 to 0.11 mol L⁻¹). The found silica gel solubility at zero ionic strength was somewhat lower than the generally accepted value. Based on the and standard Gibbs free energy of silica gel formation was calculated as and −850,318 ± 20 J mol⁻¹, respectively. Activation energies for silica gel dissolution and growth were determined as and respectively. An universal value for growth of any silica polymorph, is not consistent with the value for silica gel growth, which questions the hypothesis about one unique activated complex controlling the silica polymorph growth.     

温度、盐度及光照强度对海链藻(Thalassiosira sp.)生长的影响

报道了温度、盐度、光照对海洋硅藻海链藻生长的影响。结果表明 ,海链藻的适应温度范围比较广 ,从9～27℃都可维持正常生长 ,15～21℃为其适温范围 ;在盐度15～35范围内 ,盐度对海链藻的影响不大 ,在盐度为20时 ,海链藻获得最大的生长率;此外 ,海链藻具有广泛的光适应性 ,在7.5～90μmol/(m2·s)的光照范围内均可正常生长,并随着光强的增加生长率不断提高