浮游植物密度和池水透明度对中国对虾增长速率的影响

1991年6月20日～9月11日,于大连市营城子镇东小磨对虾养殖场3号虾池采水样,固定后,检测浮游植物数量,同时测定透明度和对虾体长。实验结果见图1、图2,表1。结果表明,浮游植物密度、池水透明度和对虾体长增长速率三者之间有着密切的相互关系。     

马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)四种壳色选育系F5 的生长及遗传多样性分析

采用跟踪测量和微卫星(SSR)技术研究了马氏珠母贝四种壳色选育系F5和对照组的存活率、生长情况及遗传多样性。结果表明,四种壳色选育系和对照组的生长性状之间均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。从30对微卫星引物中扩增筛选获得8个多态位点,多态位点比例为26.67%,它们在4个壳色选育系共120个个体中产生了42个等位基因,平均每个多态位点产生5.25个。4个选育系的平均期望杂合度范围为0.6622—0.6850,平均观察杂合度范围为0.2708—0.4667,平均多态信息含量PIC值范围为0.6025—0.6190,说明4个选育系的遗传多样性处于较高水平,具有育种潜力;平均遗传偏离指数均为负值,4个选育系均存在不同程度的杂合子缺失。遗传分化和遗传距离分析表明白壳色选育系与红壳色选育系之间的亲缘关系最近,黑壳色与白壳色之间的遗传距离最大。     

雷暴电活动对冰雹增长影响的数值模拟研究

利用三维强风暴动力-电耦合模式,数值模拟了风暴演变过程 中电活动对冰雹增长及地面降雹的影响. 结果指出,带电冰雹与云内强电场作用使地面降雹 量增加约50[HTK]髎[HTSS],雹块直径增大0.7mm,降雹时间滞后约3min. 文中还讨论了强电 场通过对水成物降落速度的调制来影响冰雹微观增长过程,即主要是影响碰并过程和冰雹融 化过程. 电活动使冰雹源、汇总量都减少,但汇总量减少更多,总体效果使冰雹总量增加, 数目减少,冰雹长得更大,更易降落到地面.     

海藻提取液对小油菜和韭菜生长、产量和品质的影响

采用温室大棚内露地种植的方式,研究了叶面喷施海藻提取液对小油菜和韭菜生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,海藻提取液能一定程度上促进小油菜和韭菜生长发育,提高小油菜和韭菜的产量,改善小油菜和韭菜的品质,其中海藻提取液稀释200倍处理对小油菜的增产效果最明显,稀释400倍处理对韭菜的增产效果最明显,可明显提高其光合色素含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量以及维生素c含量。     

Global aquaculture growth and institutional quality

The global aquaculture sector has grown continuously over the past 40 years, though unevenly among countries. Differences in factors such as inputs, climate, management, technology, markets, social environment, and institutions might be reasons for the disparities in growth. This study focuses on institutions, by analyzing the relationship between annual growth in the production of the major aquaculture countries and the quality of their institutions over three decades (1984–2013). Based on an ex-ante set of criteria, seventy-four aquaculture countries from five different regions - Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania - were selected. Annual percentage change in total aquaculture production, in terms of quantity and value, was used as a proxy for sector development. Three indices - governance, corruption, and competitiveness - were used as institutional quality proxies. Empirical results suggest that the aquaculture growth did not significantly correlate with the quality of institutions. By region, Africa had the fastest growth in the aquaculture sector, though from a low base, with 7.35% and 9.28% higher annual percentage change in aquaculture quantity and value respectively, than the Asian region. While, the European region experienced significantly lower annual percentage change in aquaculture quantity, a difference of 3.78% compared to the Asian region. Furthermore, the study found that total aquaculture production was not positively correlated with eco-label certification. The study is concluded by discussing the “aquaculture paradox.”     

企鹅珍珠贝的柱形笼养成试验

本试验分别采用柱形笼和锥形笼同时进行鹅珍珠贝2cm左右幼苗养成到8cm左右中贝，经过10个月的养殖，柱形笼比锥形笼幼苗的生长速率（以个体平均壳高增长值为主）提高37．1－38．7％，成活率提高53．6－69．7％，且柱形笼养成的企鹅珍珠贝幼贝生长旺盛，个体强壮。     

Total and organic mercury concentrations in the muscles of Pacific albacore (Thunnus alalunga) and bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus)

Muscles of 115 North Pacific albacore (ALB, Thunnus alalunga) and 75 Pacific bigeye tuna (BET, Thunnus obesus), collected from 2001 to 2006, were analyzed. No ALB, but 13 large BET had organic mercury (OHg) concentrations exceeding 1 μg g⁻¹ wet weight. For both ALB and BET, total mercury (THg) and OHg concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with fork length (FL) and body weight. The muscle Hg bioaccumulation rates of BET were higher than those of ALB, particularly in the adult fish. Moreover, the lines had crossover points among the two species that imply the young BET (FL < 110 cm) contains lower muscle Hg concentrations than ALB of the same size. The suggested weekly dietary intake of ALB and small-BET meats is 340 g, and of BET meat it is 150 g for a 60-kg person based on the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of methylmercury set by the WHO.     

论我国区域开发的理论模式*

本文概括和总结了我国区域开发的若干模式的原形.涉及对建设项目进行评估的成本效益分析、各类厂址选择模式(生产接近原料地和消费区线性模式;企业原、燃、材料和产品运输最近便非线性模式,以及第三产业的服务半径或吸引区模式)、区域和区际投入产出模式,以及区域增长模式(新古典区域增长和非均衡增长模式).作者认为,将这些模式付诸于我国的实践时,应视具体情况进行修正和补充.     

Radiaxial fibrous calcites as low-magnesian calcite cement precipitated in a marine-meteoric mixing zone

Abstract Radiaxial fibrous calcite (RFC) has previously been interpreted as a marine or replacive cement. Study of the Dongjeom Formation (Early Ordovician), Korea, shows that RFC can form in marine‐meteoric mixing zones as a low‐magnesian calcite (LMC) cement. RFC in the shallow‐marine Dongjeom Formation occurs in arenaceous limestones at the top of a transgressive facies overlying a regressive facies. It shows well‐developed growth zonation, and lighter oxygen isotope values and more radiogenic strontium isotope ratios than those of Early Ordovician marine calcite. Such petrographic and chemical evidence indicates that the RFC was precipitated as a primary LMC cement in a marine and meteoric mixing zone. Owing to the unique environment of formation, the Dongjeom RFC is characterized by growth zonal fabric comprising alternating subzones, which may indicate precipitation from varying fluids. In addition, this study documents the importance of substrate for development of RFC. Early ‘nucleation’ for RFC occurred mainly on microcrystalline skeletal grains and internal sediments, whereas on homogeneously altered substrates, thin‐coated banding structure developed, ultimately forming coarse crystalline spar. This suggests that microcrystalline substrates are preferred sites for nucleation of RFC.