含沙量对过饱和总溶解气体释放过程影响分析

高坝泄水常为高含沙水流,对含沙水体过饱和总溶解气体(TDG)释放规律的研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。为探讨泥沙含量以及紊动强度等特性对过饱和TDG释放过程的影响,设计了静置水柱、搅拌诱发紊动以及明渠水流3种实验条件,通过对不同含沙量工况下过饱和TDG释放过程的观测研究,分别计算各工况下的释放系数。结果表明,泥沙含量和紊动强度均对过饱和TDG的释放起着促进作用,而且随着含沙量和紊动强度的增大,释放系数逐渐增大。本研究对于过饱和TDG数值模拟研究中释放系数的取值具有指导意义,同时也可为过饱和TDG影响的减缓措施研究提供基础数据和参考依据。     

宽窄相间河道水流紊动特性试验研究

为了探索宽窄相间河道的水流紊动特性,以西南地区宝兴河上游宽窄相间河段为研究对象,基于室内概化模型试验,采用多普勒声学流速仪(ADV)测量了室内模型典型断面上的三维瞬时流速,分析典型断面上的纵向时均流速、紊动强度、雷诺切应力和紊动能的分布规律。试验结果显示:宽窄相间水槽中,扩散段边壁的紊动强度大于中心区域的紊动强度,最大值位于0.2倍水深处;扩散段两侧坡脚处紊动能最大;侧壁区的平面和立面雷诺切应力最大值出现在扩散段内,中心区域最大雷诺切应力位于两槽间的中间断面处;扩散段内水流紊乱,两侧出现旋涡和涡脱,易造成侧壁侵蚀加强,引起河道拓宽。深入分析了宽窄相间河道水流的紊动特性,可为山区河流治理和自然灾害防治提供参考。     

双时间尺度紊流模型的非线性修正与验证

采用非线性雷诺应力模式对双时间尺度紊流模型进行了修正,并将修正后的模型应用于具有回流的突扩流的紊流模拟中,其计算结果比采用双时间尺度紊流模型有进一步的改进。     

基于多松弛格子玻尔兹曼的弯道水流三维数值模拟

为研究弯道水流现象并且拓展格子玻尔兹曼(Lattice Boltzmann Method,LBM)在水利工程领域的应用,建立了弯道水流的三维多松弛LBM演进模型,其中包括水流自由表面模拟、弯曲固壁边界处理以及紊流模型耦合求解等关键技术。应用该模型模拟研究了不同流量下U型弯道的水流状态,得到了水位、最大水深平均流速以及紊动能等参数的分布规律。分析和实践表明,该模型能较好地模拟三维弯道水流现象。     

湍流模型在环境水力学研究中的应用

对湍流模型应用于模拟预报工程附近的流场特征与物质掺混输运扩散规律的研究进行了综述,分析了国内外各种湍流模型的研究现状及发展趋势;同时就湍流模型求解环境水力学问题提出了笔者的观点,并对零方程模型、单方程模型、双方程k-ε模型及修正的各向异性κ-ε模型、雷诺应力模型、代数应力模型、低雷诺数流动模型、双流体模型及湍流高级模拟等模型的各自特点进行了讨论。     

大气边界层风速脉动的分形模拟

应用曲线分数维计算方法计算大气边界层实际风速观测资料的分数维值,并根据分形理论构造出一个理论模型来模拟真实的大气边界层风速时间序列。将模拟和真实数据的一些重要的统计特征,例如方差、风速概率分布、谱密度函数和自相关函数等,进行了比较,结果表明二者具有很好的一致性。     

基于Surfer平台的乡镇精细化预报服务产品制作

开展乡镇精细化预报是当前气象业务发展趋势,主要体现在突发气象灾害临近预警、气象风险预警等强天气的公众及决策气象服务方面,制作美观、大方的图形服务产品对提高气象服务水平有现实意义,也是基层台站亟待解决的技术问题。使用Surfer平台开展乡镇精细化预报服务产品制作,具有以下意义:①软件操作简单、功能强大,上手较快,适合在基层台站推广使用;②与当前流行的GIS软件文件格式通用性好,配合使用可实现专业性更强的服务产品制作;③支持制作出各种精细化的服务产品;④利用多种预报数据叠加,可以综合显示各类预报结果;⑤支持短临预警、风险预警产品的分级分类显示;⑥支持多种影像图叠加,便于基层业务人员积累经验,更好地了解、掌握地方性小气候,也适用于针对不同行业开展的专业气象服务产品制作。利用Surfer平台,可以实现快速丰富制作乡镇精细化预报产品,节省自行开发、维护平台的费用。     

TIPEX高原东南部近地层湍流参数的分析

The characteristics of the turbulence spectrum, turbulence variance, and turbulence flux at Qamdo overthe Southeastern Tibetan Plateau measured during the TIPEX experiment from 18 May to 30 June 1998are analyzed by the eddy correlation method. During periods of intense convection, most of the spectraof the 3D winds, temperature, and humidity follow a power law with a slope of -2/3. The normalizedvariances of the 3D winds in relation to z/L satisfy the similarity law but the normalized variances oftemperature and humidity are related to z/L by a -1/3 power law only in unstable conditions. In near-neutral stratification, σu/u* and σy/u* at Qamdo and Gerze are nearly constant in rugged terrain andσw/u* at Qamdo and Gerze is similar to the value found in plains, which indicates that the, effects oflandform on vertical turbulence is not significant over the southeast and western Tibetan Plateau. Duringthe dry period, the sensible heat dominates, comprising 81% of the heat intensity, with the other 19%being latent heat; during the wet period on the other hand, the latent heat accounts for about 64% ofthe available energy and the sensible heat only around 36%. The maximum intensity of the heating of airoccurs in the middle of the Plateau during the summertime.     

TRAC98: Detection of Coherent Structures in a Convective Boundary Layer using Airborne Measurements

The TRAC98 experimental campaign (Turbulence Radar Aircraft Cells) devoted to coherent structures analysis took place over the Beauce plain (France) during summer 1998. It allowed us to collect a large dataset of airborne measurements in addition to various ground measurements. This study aims at diagnosing the occurrence of coherent structures within the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) through airborne measurements. The statistical analysis performed as a first step from turbulent parameters underlined the homogeneity of the ABL over the Beauce plain. However mixed-layer scaling failed at the top of the ABL, even when taking into account the entrainment rate. Coherent structures were detected through the analysis of ABL isotropy, using the opportunity of sampling with two perpendicular crossing planes, one of them being aligned with the wind. This approach allowed us to determine an organization scheme of the ABL for three of the five flights (ARAT30, MIV30 and MIV27). For the ARAT30 flight, the analysis was pursued by focusing on measurements of fluctuations in the inner flight legs. In this way, the low-level cloud cover has been investigated from the downward visible radiation (VISD). The results indicated an anisotropy of the horizontal cloud size. Secondly, the variations of some parameters were analysed through lagged correlation functions. This allowed us to infer relationships between the vertical velocity, VISD, mixing ratio and lifting condensation level. Length scales have also been extracted, and confirmed the ABL organization during the ARAT30 flight. Finally, the anisotropy observed in various flights has been investigated with respect to the underestimation of the latent heat fluxes revealed by the imbalance of the surface energy budget.     

环境湍流影响烟云抬升的比较研究

对几种烟云抬升模式进行了比较,分析了中性层结下环境湍流的对烟云抬升的作用,认为环境流连续作用于烟云抬升的各个阶段,且随烟云抬升而变化。抬升高度与环境湍流有关,湍流强度越大,抬升越低。