Sustaining trajectories towards Sustainability: Dynamics and diversity in UK communal growing activities

Civil society is a critical arena both for exploring Sustainability itself and for sustaining trajectories towards it through innovation, experimentation and debate. Innovations can be mould breaking and can challenge local institutions. Concurrently, initiatives may be fragile due to the development of new working relationships, reliance on voluntary labour and goodwill, and dependence on grant funding. Here we examine different aspects of what it takes to sustain grassroots trajectories for ‘communal growing’, given the pressures that groups and intermediary organisations practicing and supporting this activity experience, and the consequential need to build qualities like ‘resilience’. Attending carefully to the definition of this otherwise slippery concept, a particular focus is given to how contrasting aspects of temporality and agency lead to divergent constructions of ‘resilience’ and strategies for sustaining growing. We draw on fieldwork that explores the practice and support of communal growing in East Sussex, England, and directly associated activities at a national level.We find important interdependencies between communal growing projects and the intermediary organisations supporting them. Additionally there is huge diversity within and between both projects and the organisations that support them, including with respect to the ends to which growing is seen as a means. These ends link growing initiatives – both antagonistically and synergistically – to food, education and health systems. This diversity can be seen positively as: a source of innovation; facilitating the open and bottom up nature of growing; and, enabling the securing of greater financial support for the endeavour. What is less clear is how this plays into framing and configuring communal growing specifically in relation to achieving a more Sustainable and localised food system. We discuss the conceptual and methodological implications of these empirically derived observations with regards future research on grassroots innovations.     

The role and value of local knowledge in Jamaican agriculture: adaptation and change in small-scale farming

Local knowledge has played an active role in the lives of rural communities in virtually every part of the world. In Jamaica, traditional cropping systems based on local informal knowledge have been practiced since the days of slavery and play a vital role in meeting food security. Yet, some negative attitudes remain about the legitimacy and relevance of small-scale farmers' local and traditional knowledge. This paper discusses some conceptual and empirical issues related to the application of local knowledge among small-scale food farmers in central Jamaica. The paper argues that contextually speaking, local and traditional knowledge is valuable, adaptable and necessary in coping with risk and uncertainty in a changing world, while cautioning against a misguided notion of traditional knowledge as a panacea to all the ills of local agriculture.     

陕北人力资源培育机制创新——以延安市为例

文章在深入调查研究的基础上，分析了教育和科技落后、劳动者整体素质低下对陕北地区经济、社会可持续发展的不良影响。进而提出了陕北地区应当致力于人力资源培育机制创新的战略思路，即通过调整办学思路、改变办学模式等方式来促进职业技术教育和继续教育的大力发展；改革科技体制，引入竞争机制，鼓励科研人员积极开展科技推广工作和自主创业，达到科技推广、项目开发与人才培育共赢的目的。     

新世纪广西的区域开发与可持续发展

分析了广西的基本区情条件，揭示了广西区域开发格局的空间变动趋势，提出了广西新世纪实施可持续发展战略的举措，即加强以交通为主的基础设施建设，开发以洪水河为主的水能资源，加快建设成为南中国西南东输的枢纽；调整和优化产业结构，确立主导产业的市场地位，提升优势产业的市场竞争力；加快城乡转型的进程，提高城镇化的水平和质量，控制人口增长、提高人口质量，治理环境污染；制度创新， 优化经济布局的区域结构。     

地勘企业的可持续发展问题分析

地勘企业是我国重要的基础工业企业 ,其可持续发展是国民经济发展的重要保证。文章从地勘企业的发展现状入手 ,阐述了地勘企业可持续发展的含义与研究意义 ,在借鉴国外地勘企业可持续发展经验的基础上 ,结合中国的实际情况 ,提出了地勘企业可持续发展的建议。     

Analysis of educational factor in regional innovation and the corresponding policy implications

l Public Educational Outlay is an Important Factor influencing Regional innovationAbility in ChinaInnovation includes a series of achvitjes from ale bed of new idea to produchon design coddle tesAng,manufac~g and marketing. It is also the process of knowledge creating, ti'ansfonning and applying.Regional innovahon system is a netWork promoting innovahon formed by the interachon of differentbranches and orgalhaations in a region. Many factors act upon tile innovahon ability in a specific re…     

全球观测资料质量监视评估

全球观测资料质量监视评估系统是为监视评估国家气象中心所接收的全球气象观测资料的质量而设计开发的。该系统以资料同化的6小时预报场为背景场，计算观测资料与背景场的偏差；运用质量控制技术排除观测资料中的可能是错误的资料；实时和非实时地统计分析各类观测报告的状况和观测资料的质量。采用的质量控制技术和统计分析方法都尽量和国际上发达气象中心相一致。所有产品都以图表形式在气象系统内部web网页上发布。该系统应用于日常观测资料质量监视评估及中国区域探空资料问题的详细分析、探空站综合评分、探空观测资料归档、探空观测资料偏差订正效果检验、L波段探空资料质量分析等，取得了显著效果。对加强观测业务管理、保证观测资料质量、改进观测技术发挥了积极的作用。     

全球资料同化中误差协方差三维结构的准确估计与应用Ⅱ:背景误差协方差调整与数值试验分析

利用NMC方法针对背景误差协方差的方差、三维相关与特征长度来揭示T213L31模式的误差主要特点,并与传统更新矢量方法的计算结果进行了对比与调整。结果表明NMC方法结果与更新矢量方法结果在大体特征上基本吻合,但细节上的差异不可忽视,特别是对背景误差方差与特征长度的估计存在显著的差异,其主要原因是NMC方法倾向于高估天气尺度波的背景误差,而低估次天气尺度到中尺度波的背景误差。通过对背景误差方差、特征长度的调整,显著改善了背景误差功率谱的分布特点,使得NMC方法结果与更新矢量方法结果更为吻合。通过三维变分同化与最优插值中观测与背景误差相对重要性的比较,发现两者结果基本一致,但三维变分同化在850 hPa以下的温度场和300 hPa以上的风场统计结果都表现出背景误差相对于观测误差偏小的特点。背景误差相对于观测误差偏小有助于保证分析场中质量场与风场平衡,消除了大气底层和高层质量场与风场不匹配现象。在数值试验中,针对不同的背景误差均方差与特征长度的特点,分析了分析增量和预报效果的差异,结果表明,准确的背景误差估计与优化工作改善了预报效果,使得北半球三维变分同化的120 h预报效果整体好于现有最优插值。     

在改革中求发展--《干旱气象》改革的基本思路与措施

以《甘肃气象》改为《干旱气象》后所采取的一系列思路和措施为重点,论述了由技术类期刊向学术类期刊发展的过程和改刊后的成果以及所存在的问题,提出了以干旱气象为中心,将期刊办出特色、办出新意的理念,同时也对该刊今后的努力方向提出要求。     

航空地球物理勘查科技创新与应用

简要回顾了中国航空物探技术的发展历程，重点阐述了21世纪以来、尤其是"十一五"以来国内航空物探的主要技术创新与应用成果，并对今后发展趋势进行了分析与预测。为满足国家与社会需求，"十一五"以来，中国的航空物探技术，尤其是航磁多参量、矢量测量、航空重力测量和时间域航空电磁测量技术得到快速发展；在航空物探技术创新过程中，航空物探资料的综合研究和应用得到了加强，在基础地质、固体矿产勘查与评价、能源勘查与评价等方面取得了重要成果，在地下水资源调查、工程地质勘查、环境地质调查等方面显示出了良好的应用前景。为满足国家资源勘查和环境评价对航空探测技术的需求，未来中国航空物探测量系统的分辨率、稳定性和实用性将进一步提高，航空物探在加强基础地质、固体矿产勘查、能源勘查等传统领域应用的基础上，将拓展及加强在深地探测、深海探测、深部地热调查、水资源调查、地质灾害调查、军事及测绘等领域的应用。