Focal Mechanism Solutions and Stress Field Inversion of Moderately Strong Earthquakes in the Northern Tianshan Area

Using the focal mechanism solutions of 24 moderately strong earthquakes in the northern Tianshan area, we carried out system cluster and stress field inversion analysis. The result indicates that, the focal mechanism solutions of moderately strong earthquakes are mainly dipslip reverse faulting in the northern Tianshan area. The principal rupture planes of earthquakes are NW-oriented. It is basically consistent with the strike of earthquake structure in its adjacent area. The direction of the principal compression stress P axis is nearly NS, and its inclination angle is small; while the inclination angle of the principal extensional stress T axis is large. It shows that the regional stress field is mainly controlled by the near-NS horizontal compressive stress. The direction of the maximum principal stress shows a gradation process of NNE-NS-NW from east to west.     

吉林地区地电场变化特征分析研究

本文在初步介绍了吉林地区地电场观测台网基本概况的基础上, 对该区域记录到的地电场的基本变化特征进行了统计分析。 研究表明: ① 绝大部分台站记录到了比较典型的地电场静日变化, 主要表现为“峰—谷—峰”形态, 该变化形态在时间上具有同步性; ② 所有台站均记录到了比较明显的地电暴同步变化, 呈近似南北分布的几个台站记录到了微弱磁扰的同步变化; ③ 地电场日变化幅度呈现比较明显的年变化规律, 不同台站的地电场日变化幅度具有一定的差异性; ④ 正常工作状态下, 各个台站之间同测向观测数据具有比较好的相关性。     

土地利用生态服务价值与经济发展的协调及空间分异——以西洞庭湖区为例

土地利用生态服务价值体现了土地通过集约利用与空间优化所发挥生态效益的大小,可在一定程度上反映土地利用与与经济发展的协调关系。以西洞庭湖区为研究对象,在ArcGIS软件支持下,通过评价与分析生态服务价值变化,分析生态经济协调发展水平及其空间差异,探讨土地利用生态服务价值与区域经济发展的互动响应与耦合协调关系。研究表明：① 2000年以来西洞庭湖区土地利用生态服务价值呈下降趋势,2000年西洞庭湖区生态服务价值为1292.13×10⁶元·a^-1,2011年为953.03×10⁶元·a^-1,损失339.10×10⁶元。② 从整个研究区来看,整个研究阶段处于低度冲突的县有6个,分别为常德市辖区、安乡县、汉寿县、澧县、临澧县、津市市,只有桃源县处于潜在危机状态。从数量上看,整个区域内大多为冲突状态,区域在经济发展中存在的潜在危机较大。③ 从空间分异来看,2008年与2011年土地利用生态经济协调度基本上为低度冲突状态,需采取生态服务供给恢复与重建措施,控制生态服务消费需求的过快增长。整个区域只有桃源县与汉寿县由不协调转换为协调状态,主要原因是森林覆盖率相对较高,林地类型面积大,水土保持与水源涵养生态服务功能较强,提高了生态服务价值。     

地球重力场、重力、重力梯度在三维直角坐标系中的表达式

现代卫星重力测量主要利用星载GPS接收机、加速度计、星载测距仪等来确定重力卫星的轨道,削弱非保守力的干扰,由此根据卫星的位置、速度及其变率来确定地球重力场。而上述GPS等星载仪器所提供的数据,包括卫星轨道坐标及其速率、扰动加速度、星间距离及其变率,都是以三维直角坐标(x,y,z)的形式表示的,因此,地球重力场、重力和重力梯度在三维直角坐标系中的表达式在卫星重力解算中具有实际意义。     

引力位虚拟压缩恢复法

提出了一种将地球表面的引力位虚拟地压缩到地球内部的一个球体表面,进而求解在整个地球外部空间(包括地球边界上)的重力位场以及重力场的方法。     

地球重力场与KBR系统频谱关系的建立与分析

以近极圆形轨道的SST ll为研究目标,利用解析的方法分析卫星间精密测距与地球重力场的频谱关系,得出了一般情况下300km高度的SST,星间距离每增加100km,恢复能力提高约10阶次;对于500km卫星高度的SST,星间距离每增加100km,恢复能力提高约5阶次的结论。研究成果可以为我国发展SST探测地球重力场的卫星计划提供参考。     

23届IUGG大会有关大地测量的最新进展

第23届国际大地测量与地球物理联合会综合性学术大会于2003年6月30日至7月11日在日本扎幌举行.介绍了这次大会中有关大地测量的最新发展.主要内容有国家和地区地心参考框架的建设与维护、地球重力场与大地水准面的精密测定、GPS及其应用、大地测量的基本理论与方法、地球动力学研究以及国际大地测量学会通过的新决议.     

GIS中平面面位误差环的解析模型

本文基于随机场理论,导出了随机面元的分布函数和概率密度函数。为了衡量随机面元的位置不确定性,将点位误差椭圆和线位误差带进一步扩展到面位误差环指标。根据推求包括线的原理,导出了多边形面位误差环边界线的解析表达式,并分析了面位误差环的构成机理,证明了误差环边界线为连续闭合曲线的结论。最后通过实例绘制了面位误差环的可视化图形。     

Airborne gravimetry used in precise geoid computations by ring integration

Two detailed geoids have been computed in the region of North Jutland. The first computation used marine data in the offshore areas. For the second computation the marine data set was replaced by the sparser airborne gravity data resulting from the AGMASCO campaign of September 1996. The results of comparisons of the geoid heights at on-shore geometric control showed that the geoid heights computed from the airborne gravity data matched in precision those computed using the marine data, supporting the view that airborne techniques have enormous potential for mapping those unsurveyed areas between the land-based data and the off-shore marine or altimetrically derived data. Received: 7 July 1997 / Accepted: 22 April 1998     

An approach of surface coal fire detection from ASTER and Landsat-8 thermal data: Jharia coal field,India

Radiant temperature images from thermal remote sensing sensors are used to delineate surface coal fires, by deriving a cut-off temperature to separate coal-fire from non-fire pixels. Temperature contrast of coal fire and background elements (rocks and vegetation etc.) controls this cut-off temperature. This contrast varies across the coal field, as it is influenced by variability of associated rock types, proportion of vegetation cover and intensity of coal fires etc. We have delineated coal fires from background, based on separation in data clusters in maximum v/s mean radiant temperature (13th band of ASTER and 10th band of Landsat-8) scatter-plot, derived using randomly distributed homogeneous pixel-blocks (9 × 9 pixels for ASTER and 27 × 27 pixels for Landsat-8), covering the entire coal bearing geological formation. It is seen that, for both the datasets, overall temperature variability of background and fires can be addressed using this regional cut-off. However, the summer time ASTER data could not delineate fire pixels for one specific mine (Bhulanbararee) as opposed to the winter time Landsat-8 data. The contrast of radiant temperature of fire and background terrain elements, specific to this mine, is different from the regional contrast of fire and background, during summer. This is due to the higher solar heating of background rocky outcrops, thus, reducing their temperature contrast with fire. The specific cut-off temperature determined for this mine, to extract this fire, differs from the regional cut-off. This is derived by reducing the pixel-block size of the temperature data. It is seen that, summer-time ASTER image is useful for fire detection but required additional processing to determine a local threshold, along with the regional threshold to capture all the fires. However, the winter Landsat-8 data was better for fire detection with a regional threshold.